ASSEMBLYING STAGES OF AMT105 TESTER The following parts are used to assemble the AMT105 relay
tester. Four wires with Four 2 pin female Phoenix connectors / Four wires with 4 pin female Phoenix
connectors / Current connectors / Voltage connectors
/ Ribbon cables / Neutrik board Back panel Front panel / Switching module Complete side of switching
module / Incomplete side of switching module / Amplifier module Complete side of amplifier module /
Incomplete side of amplifier module
/ Case / To assemble the device, you must first install the back panel on the case. Stand the case in
front of you, in a way that the power socket is on your right side. Connect one of the earth wires to
the power socket and the other
one to the earth socket. / / Placing the amplifier module in the case The amplifier module is placed
into the case where the racks are less spaced opposite to the input power socket. / Position of
amplifier module inside the case The complete
side of the amplifier goes to the case wall. The edges of the module should be placed inside the 4
racks. / Connecting the socket of fan to the amplifier module Insert the module up to 5 cm to the end of
the case, then take the fan wire
from the back of the Spacer and connect the socket to the amplifier then push the module to the bottom
of the case. / Note: make sure that the fan wire is not under any modules or inside the fan. Position of
amplifier module inside the
case The incomplete side of the switching module the one that only has a command board should be on the
side of the case’s wall, so that the Ethernet, USB, RS232, Wi-Fi and GPS ports are downward and placed
in the rear panel. / Connecting
the socket of fan to the switching module Insert the module up to 5 cm to the end of the case, then take
the fan wire from the back of the Spacer and connect the socket to the switching module finally push the
module to the bottom of the
case. / Complete fitting of the switching module By shaking the GPS port, the switching module must be
fully placed at the bottom of the case. / Ethernet and USB socket must be 1 to 2 mm away from the back
of the case. If the socket of
the Ethernet and USB are stuck, In case ports are stuck shaking them allows them to come out from the
back panel. / Note: make sure that the fan wire is not under any modules or inside the fan. Installing
the front panel Before installing
the front panel, check that the varnished wire connected to the back panel is completely straight.
Connecting the input power cable varnished tube Connect the two heads of wires that come from the back
panel to the zero side of the power
switch on the panel. The guards must be faced outwards so that they can be easily opened. / Connecting
four 2 pin Phoenix connectors First, connect two 2 pin female Phoenix connectors to the incomplete board
of the switching modules. Connect
the other side to the switching modules. / Connecting a 4 pin Phoenix connector Connect one side of the
corresponding power cord to 1 key and connect the Phoenix side to the incomplete switching switchboard.
/ / / Connecting the Phoenix
Connectors of the Front Panel First, on the left side, connect the corresponding Phoenixes to the
amplifier. You should first connect the two 16 pin Phoenixes and then connect the two 5 pin Phoenixes. /
Then install the appropriate phoenixes
to the right side of the amplifier. / Connecting the Neutrik Board First, turn the device in a way that
its socket is to your left and the Neutrik board is placed between the amplifier phoenixes so that its
socket is to your right. The
socket connects to the complete board of amplifier. / Complete Installing at front panel The holder is
placed half way on the 6 pin Phoenix voltage connectors. Connecting the voltage 6 pin Phoenix on which
the holder is placed to the switching
and put the holder in place. / Connecting the voltage connectors to the incomplete side of amplifier 2
pin female Phoenix connectors with shorter wires red and black should be connected to the upper 2 pin
male Phoenix connectors. / 3 pin
female Phoenix connectors with shorter wires red, black and blue should be connected to the lower 3 pin
male Phoenix connectors. / Tip: Before placing the phoenixes on the amplifier, place the corresponding
holders on phoenixes. Connecting
the current connectors to the incomplete side of switching / First, put a holder on the 8 pin current
Phoenix blue wire and connect the internal 8 pin Phoenix to the incomplete switching board. / Connect
the 4 pin blue longer Phoenix holder
to the second male Phoenix from the bottom. Connect the 4 pin blue shorter Phoenix holder to the first
male Phoenix from the bottom. / Put a holder on the 4 pin current Phoenix black wire and connect it to
the incomplete switching board.
Connect the 4 pin black male Phoenix to the first male Phoenix from the top. / / Put an 8 pin Phoenix
red wire current and connect it to the 8 pin male Phoenix of the incomplete switching board. / Connect
the 4 pin female Phoenix with
longer red wire holder to the second male Phoenix from the top. Connect the 4 pin female Phoenix with a
shorter red wire holder to the third male Phoenix from the top. Then assemble all the current and
voltage wires with a cable tie wrap.
/ / / Closing a 16 cm 25 * 2 ribbon cable both sides without a guard This ribbon cable connects the
entire side of the switching range to the full range of the amplifier. / Install a short legged IDC
holder on the side of the amplifier
module attached to the wall case. Connect the holder from one side to the IDC and connect it to the IDC
by using a screwdriver or one forceps. Connecting a 15 cm 2*10 Ribbon Cable Connect the incomplete cable
to the complete side of the
switching module. / Installation of two amplifier holders and two switching holders on the middle rails
of the case Holders must be placed on the rails and the two slots embedded on them should be placed on
the module and the original
board. Each holder is closed and tightened by 2 screws 16.5×2 soaked in a special screw along with a
ribbon gasket on the holder and middle rails. / Placing the Micro Holder Place the micro holder on the
middle rail on the one side and
its two pins must be placed on the lower rails of the case on the other side. / Placing the amplifier
holder and Neutrik board This holder is connected to the body of the case from one side using bolts,
nuts and 8×4 flat washers. The slots
embedded on this holder, on the other side, are connected to the amplifier and the neutrik board. The
neutrik board on this holder is fastened by a special glued 8×3nut to a bolt and a spring washer. /
Installing the holder of the module
board and main switching This holder is connected to the wall of the case on one side and connected to
the body of the case using bolts, screw washers, and a 8×4 flat. The other side is connected to the
module and main switching. / Installation
of 10 * 2 IDC holders of 10 * 2 15 cm ribbon cable Place the 2*10 holder on a ribbon cable and push it
slightly towards the IDC. / Connecting the Earth wires The 2 connected wires to the case must be
connected to the complete switching
module and the incomplete side of the amplifier module. / Connecting the voltage connectors to the
incomplete side of switching / Connect the 6 pin Phoenix voltage cable on the holder to the switching
module and put the holder in its place.
/ Connecting the current connectors to the complete side of switching / First, connect the 8 pin black
Phoenix wire with its holder to the complete switching module. Then connect the 4 pin black Phoenix wire
with its holder to the complete
switching module. / In the end, connect the 8 pin red Phoenix wire with its holder to the complete
switching module. / / Connecting the voltage connectors of the complete side of amplifier modual The
female Phoenix connector with a shorter
wire on the holder should be connected to the lower 3 pin male Phoenix connector. The female Phoenix
connector with a longer wire on the holder should be connected to the upper 3 pin male Phoenix
connector. / Connecting the current connectors
to the incomplete side of amplifier modual First, connect the 4 pin blue female Phoenix with longer wire
on the holder to the second 4 pin male Phoenix connector from the bottom. Connect the 4 pin blue female
Phoenix with shorter wire
on the holder to the first 4 pin male Phoenix connector from the bottom. / Connect the 4 pin black
female Phoenix with shorter wire on the holder to the first 4 pin male Phoenix connector from the top.
Connect the 4 pin red female Phoenix
connector with longer wire on the holder to the second 4 pin male Phoenix connector from the top. /
Connect the 4 pin red female Phoenix connector with shorter wire on the holder to the third 4 pin male
Phoenix connector from the top.
/ / Then assemble all the current and voltage wires with a tie wrap. / Connecting a 3.7 cm 25 * 2 ribbon
cable of the front panel one side without the guard and the other side of the guard The connector of
this cable is approximately in
the middle and below the front panel. First, connect the switching side to the switching module, then
attach the uncompressed part to the IDC Latch on the panel and close the guards. / How to connect the
IDC flat cable holder to the front
panel cable On IDC connected to the switching module, install a high legged holder IDC and connect the
two sides of the holder base to both sides of the IDC. / When connecting the ribbon cable, pay attention
to the IDC cable and the groove
on the IDC modules. Closing a 5 cm 25 * 2 ribbon cable two sides without toggle This flange cable
connects the full side of the switching module to the incomplete amplifier module. / Installation of two
amplifier holder and two switching
holders on the middle rails of the case Holders must be placed on the rails and the two slots embedded
on them should be placed on the module and the original board. Each holder is closed and tightened by 2
screws 16.5×2 soaked in a special
screw glue along with a flat washer on the holder and middle rails. / Installing the holder of the
module board and main switching This holder is connected to the wall of the case on one side and
connected to the body of the case using
bolts, screw and flat washers and an 8×4 flat. The other side is connected to the module and main
switching. / Placing the amplifier holder and neutrik board This holder is connected to the body of the
case from one side using bolts, nuts
and 8×4 flat washers. The slots embedded on this holder, on the other side, are connected to the
amplifier and the neutrik board. The neutrik board on this holder is fastened by a special glued 8×3nut
to a bolt and a spring washer. Turnover
the device on in a way that the back panel is facing upwards. / Fasten two screws on RS232 socket /
Fasten an internal tooth lock washer and a golden nut on GPS antenna of the socket Closing Doors The
door with four legs must be installed
underneath the device and the leg-less door is installed on the top. Place the walls in the lower
grooves grooves are on the front panel frame. / Connecting the earth wires to the doors of the device On
both sides of the case, two long
earth wires have been attached to the body. Connect each side to its door, pull the wire a little with a
small force to make sure that they are tight and steady. / / Close the doors completely Place the doors
and install the legs in place;
two star screws must be tightened on each side. You need a star screwdriver to tighten the screws. /
DISPERESING STAGES OF AMT105 TESTER First, turn the device upside down so that the base are upwards,
we then open the case base using Allen wrench 3. After separating the base, separate the 4 screws
connected to the case doors. Now the case
doors are released and we need to remove the yellow earth cables that are attached to the door. Next,
put the base in its own place then open the nuts for the GPS antenna and the dongle port and return the
case over. Now open the 14 screws
in the front panel then release the green connectors attached to the panel Phoenix. After phoenixes, it
is time to release the flat panel cable and the toggle is pulled from the sides of the free cable,
separated from the panel. In the
next step, we release the 4 sockets attached to the key and 1 socket attached to the earth panel, now
the front panel comes out of the case easily. First, we remove the yellow cable earth. To remove the
cables, you must first cut all belt
clamps. Separate the holders attached to the phoenixes, then remove the latched flat cable by pressing
the toggles. In the next step, to separate the holder related the Neutrik, use Allen wrench 3, two
screws attached to the holder, box
wrench 5.5, open the nut attached to the holder and remove the screw attached to the right switch
bracket. Remove the twin screws with Allen wrench 3. The blue and brown wires are then connected to each
side of the circuit, first cutting
the bracket and then the phoenix 2-pin connector. Open the 4 holders on the middle rail using allen
wrench 2 and then go to the other side of the device and seprate the 2 earth cables from the device and
release the holder related to the
flat at the bottom of the device on the right side using a screwdriver. Seprate the other side that has
a latch by releasing the latch from the device. Cut the belt clamps, releasing cables from Phoenix using
a screwdriver. In the next
step, release the flat cable holders attached to the switch, pull the flat back and separat it.
Disconnect the Neutrik board connected to the amplifier and open the 2 Neutrik holder that is attached
to the case body using Allen wrench
3 and the nut under the Neutrik board with a 5.5 box wrench. Remove the flat panel holder then release
the flat, finally, open the holder that connects the switching to the case by 2 screws with Allen wrench
3 and separate it. Open the
screws for 4 holders on the middle rail using Allen wrench 2; then open the screw on the micro holder
with Allen wrench 2 and remove the holder. Finally, all the cables and screws are opened; the amplifier
and switching module are freed
and the fan sockets are released once ejected and easily removed from the case.
INTRODUCING THE DEVICE AND EQUIPMENT In order to remove the device from the suitcase, by pressing
the push button, the handle of the device should be placed in a 45 degree angle and taken out of the
case. / To change the status of handle of
the device, it is necessary to press the side buttons of the device simultaneously and then the status
should be changed. Once the device is positioned on the intended surface, the handle of the device can
be put on the device by pressing
the push button. / Also, it is possible for the handle to be positioned beneath the device so it could
be used as a stand for the device. In addition, the bases that are installed under the device can be
used for this purpose. / At the
bottom of the device are the air conditioning grooves and it is crucial to consider that, while
positioning the device, these grooves must not be blocked under any circumstances. / The front panel of
the device consists of the outputs,
inputs, device status lights, and the on/off power button. / If the green light of the main relay is on,
it means that all main switches of the device are on. / If the green light of “CONNECTED” is on, it
means that the device is correctly
connected to the software via PC or mobile phone. / If the red light of “ERROR” is on, it means that
there is a problem with the device and it has stopped working. As long as the problem is not resolved,
this light will remain on and the
device will not work. / The two voltage groups A and B allow the user to receive up to 150V AC and 212V
DC in all four phases simultaneously with a precision of 10mV with a maximum current of 0.4A AC and 0.6A
DC as well as up to 2A in
transient mode. By changing the wiring, it is possible to receive up to 450V single-phase AC from the
device. Also, it is possible to increase the output voltage and provide the user with a 150V AC with a
maximum current of 0.8A by changing
the wiring and paralleling the two current sources. / The two current groups A and B allow the user to
receive up to 32A in all six phases simultaneously or three-phase 64A. Moreover, by changing the wiring,
it is possible to receive up
to 128 single-phase amperes from the device. / At the “Auxiliary DC” output, a DC voltage as high as 0
to 212V is permanently adjustable. This voltage is independent of the test and can be used to switch on
other devices such as relays.
/ This is where the integrated cable is connected. The amount of the current and the output voltage of
this port are the same as the amounts of the current and voltage ports that have been described earlier.
/ / The analog inputs of the
device are capable of receiving both analog and digital signals. All 8 inputs can be active
simultaneously. Other than reading them, these inputs can show the waveform of voltage in three voltage
levels of 4.5, 30 and 188V with the precision
of 1, 3 and 10mV. / The “Analog DC Input” section is capable of measuring voltages up to 200mV with a
precision of 50µV and current up to 500mA with a precision of 50µA. / Generally, the back of the device
consists of various components
including: Earth port Fuse Power supply RS232 port USB port type A GPS USB port type B LAN and Wi-Fi
switches Ethernet port This port is used to protect the earth connection and the earth cable of the
device is connected to this port.
/ In this section, in order to protect the device, a 15A and 250V fuse is used. / The power supply port
is located here. The power cord of the device is plugged to this port. / The RS232 port is mainly used
for resetting the IP and updating
the firmware. To do this, the RS232 dongle, which is a part of the equipment of the device, needs to be
connected to this port. Then, the necessary operation, described in the following animations, needs to
be performed. / In this section,
by using the switch, the communication protocol between the device and laptop is selected. If the switch
is up, the connection is via Wi-Fi and if the switch is down, the connection is via LAN. The LAN port
located under this switch is
used for the mentioned communication. The laptop settings for connecting a laptop to the device are
described in the following animations. / The GPS antenna, which is used for time synchronization of two
devices for performing a longitudinal
test, is connected to this part. / Inside the black bag comes with a one-way wire-to-female connection,
a lizard clip, a 30 cm test wire, a 10 cm test wire and a 4 mm test socket, and a belt clamp and a test
socket 4 mm in diameter. Other
pieces of equipment that come with the device are communication cables which are used for communicating
with the relay and injecting voltage or current. This side of the cable which has a fixed head is
connected to the device and the head
on the other side which has a dynamic plastic guard is connected to the equipment. LAN cable The blue
cable, shown, is used to connect the device to a laptop. Earth cable The yellow cable is the ground
earth wire where its place of connection
to the device was shown earlier. While one side of this cable is connected to the device, the other
side, where the crocodile clip is attached, is connected to the location of the ground connection. The
black cable on the right is the
power cable and the one on the left is the GPS antenna cable. This antenna is used for End to End tests.
The GPS antenna is used for time synchronization of two devices to performe a longitudinal test. Serial
Dongle: This dongle is used
to reset the device. The 2nd and 3rd pins of this dongle are interconnected, so if the dongle cannot be
accessed, the device can be reset by connecting the 2nd and 3rd pins to the RS232 port located on the
back of the device. Capacitor
box In this capacitor set, there are 3 capacitors 10000μF which are used as a filter in equipment tests.
Integrated or Neutrik cable This cable has 6 output wires on one end and a single part on the other
which is connected to the device.
To plug this cable, first insert the tab of the combination cable as it is shown in the image. Then,
after the Neutrik cable is inserted, spin it to the right until the metal pin fits into its place. To
unplug the Neutrik cable, pull the
tab and spin it to the left. After the spin is complete, it can be removed. There are several labels
attached to the sides of the device. The first label includes contact information for device support.
The second label includes the serial
number and technical information of the device. Soft bag/ Backpack This case is designed for convenient
transportation of the device. To place it inside the case, the device must be standing perpendicular to
the surface. Then it can be
placed in the case and after that, the case can be closed. At the front and back of the case, there are
pockets where the equipment of the device can be placed. Inside the backpack, along with the device,
there are three 7-meter cables
and 8 clamps for testing transformers and circuit breakers, as well as several clamps to hold the
connection between the cables.
SOFTWARE INSTALLATION Vebko company's software comes in two versions of “Stable” and “Test”. All the
latest changes of the software are added to this version and, as the title suggests, it is a test
version and may contain software bugs. Once
these bugs are fixed, a stable version is released in which all the software issues are solved and it
can be easily used. It, also, may not contain all features of the test version. Note that you can
install both test and stable versions
at the same time without facing any problem. To download the latest test or stable versions, you can
visit the software section at www.vebko.ir. It should be noted that, before installing the software, if
an older version of the software
is already installed on the currently being used system, to install a newer version, there is no need to
uninstall the old version and the newer version will automatically replace the old one. To install the
software, run the “Test.exe”
file. Then, to continue, select "Next". It is necessary to install the "WinPcap" software before trying
to install the Vebko software. / / Click on "Next" option again. Then the WinPcap 4.1.3 Setup message
will pop up which means that
this software has been installed before and if it is necessary to reinstall it, select "Ok"; otherwise
you can select "Cancel" to continue. If the software has not been installed on the currently being used
system, the "Install" option
will be available to install the WinPcap software. Now, in the opened window, check the "I agree" option
and click on "Install". Installing the AMPro Test software takes a few seconds. Now you can run the
software by clicking on the "Run"
option. In the "Security" section on the main page of the software, by clicking on "Open Source
Location", the location where the software is installed will be opened. On this page, right-click on the
"AMPro Application.exe" file and select
"Properties". Now, in the "Compatibility" tab, check the "Run this program as an administrator" option.
Then, you need to repeat the same process for the "AMPro APP Launcher.exe" file. / / / After doing
so,installation software process
is finished and it can be use it for testing. /.
HOW TO CONNECT TO AMT105 In order to be able to perform various tests with the device, it is
necessary to connect to it via a laptop or computer. Before starting the device, the earth wire from the
back of the device needs to be connected.
Note that if the outlet is grounded, there is no need to connect the ground wire from the back of the
device. Then, the power cord is connected to the specified location on the back of the device. After
connecting the power cord, the power
button on the front of the device is pressed and the device turns on. As the device turns on, 8 binary
input lights on the bottom row and 2 analog DC input lights on the top right turn on. There are two ways
to connect to the device: Wi-Fi
and LAN. The switch on the back of the device is adjusted according to the connection type. To switch
the LAN connection, one end of the LAN cable is connected to the device and the other end is connected
to the laptop. When the device
and the laptop are properly connected and the switch is changed from Wi-Fi to LAN, the LAN port light of
the device and the laptop turn on. The setting for the connection of the LAN port is set only once for
each computer before the first
connection. To set these settings, go to the "Control Panel" and open "Network and Sharing Center". / On
this window, by clicking on "Change Adapter Setting" another window opens. There are several sections on
this window. To change the
LAN settings, double click on "Ethernet". Click on “Internet Protocol Version 4” in the opened window.
On this window, enter 192.168.1.20 in the "IP Address" field and then close the window. Then, open the
"AMPRO" software. By clicking
on "Setting" on the start page of the software, a new window opens. / On this window, enter the last
three digits of the serial number of the device in the fourth part of the IP field. To connect to the
device, click on “CONNECT”. If a
new version is connected to the device, the "Firmware" of the device will be updated once and after the
green bar is filled, the device will be connected in a few seconds. To connect via Wi-Fi, the switch on
the back of the device needs
to be set on “Wi-Fi”. Then, from the "Wi-Fi" in quick launch bar on the laptop, find and select the
Wi-Fi connection of the device. The password for this connection is the serial number available from the
label attached to the side of
the device. Once the connection is complete, click on “Setting” on the start page of the software. On
this page, enter the last two digits of the serial number of the deivce in the fourth part of the "I"
field. To connect to the device,
click on “CONNECT”. / /
SIMULTANEOUS CONNECTION OF SEVERAL TESTERS The user can view all devices that are, through different
protocols, connected to the laptop on the "Available Devices" tab on the "Preferences" page. By clicking
on "Start Search", after a few seconds,
the list of network adaptor options of the system will appear in the "Interfaces" slider. / By clicking
on any network adaptor, the list of devices connected to the laptop, as well as all their connection
information, will be displayed.
If the user does not know the name of their network adaptor, they should go to the "Control Panel" page
and click on "Network and Sharing Center". Then, on the left side of this page, they should click on
"Change Adapter Setting". If the
connection cable of the device that is connected to the laptop is unstable, this instability is
indicated by the connection's getting activated and deactivated on the "Network Adaptor" page. / / Upon
returning to the "Available Devices"
page, by clicking on the currently being used "Network Adaptor", the name and IP of the device will be
displayed along with its other connection information. If the user does not have access to the IP of the
device, they can find it by
following these steps and it will no longer be necessary for them to reset the IP of the device. / On
the "Connection & Firmware" tab, the settings for the device connection, changing the IP and updating
the firmware can be set. One of
the features of this software is connecting to multiple devices at the same time. To do so, by clicking
on the green plus button on the "AMT" tab, a new row is added to this table. On each row is the
connection information which should
be different from other connections. / In the case of connecting to multiple devices through one
software, it should be noted that while connecting through a network adaptor", each connection must have
a unique "Mac" and “IP” Address.
To do this, first, you need to connect to the first device by entering its IP. Then, by clicking on the
second row and entering the IP of the second device connect to it and if the "Mac" addresses are the
same, make a small change in them
and by clicking on "Set to AMT" apply the changes. / After properly connecting to multiple devices, by
using them, multiple tests can be performed simultaneously. For example, if the two rooms of "AMT
Sequencer" and "AMT Distance" are
opened, by selecting the "AMT" connection in the "AMT Sequencer" room and "AMT1" in the "AMT Distance"
room, by using two devices, two tests can be performed at the same time and two relays can be tested
simultaneously. /
RESETTING IP ADDRESS When the LEDs of all binaries are on or you do not connect to the device
according to the relevant settings, you must reset the device IP using the dongle. Before resetting the
device’s IP address, it is necessary to make
sure that the device is turned off. Then, the RS232 dongle is connected to its specific port on the back
of the device. / Upon turning on the device, you can see that, the error lights of the device will start
blinking / After blinking
several times, there is a pause and then the device will start blinking again. After this process is
repeated for the third time, the user should turn off the device and disconnect the RS232 dongle from
the back of the device / Now, the
IP address of the device is reset and its serial for connecting via Wi-Fi is changed to 199. After
turning on the device, to establish the connection between the device and the laptop, enter “199” in the
fourth part of the IP field on
the “Setting” page. / Note that if you do not have a dongle or even an RS232 port, you can use a thin
wire to do it. As can be seen, it is enough to connect pins 2 and 3 with a thin wire.
UPDATING FIRMWARE OF DEVICE MANUALLY To update the "Firmware" manually, first, it is necessary for
the device to be turned off. Then click on “Disconnect” in the “Preferences” screen, so that the
software will not send ping to device after
the device is turned on. / To get started, the RS232 dongle needs to be connected to its specific port
on the back of the device Also, the device and the laptop must be connected via LAN cable. / It can be
seen that, after the device turns
on, the "ERROR" light in the front panel of the device starts blinking. / On the main page of the
software, click on “Update Firmware in Flash Mode”. Then, you have to wait for the green bar to get
filled. After that, a message will be
displayed. By clicking on “OK”, you can finish updating the “Firmware”. / Turn off the device and unplug
the RS232 dongle.
GENERAL SETTING OF ROOMS There are four main tabs in the software “setting” page. The “Room” tab
provides a number of features for different rooms. In the "Date-Time" section, you can select “Persian”
or “Christian” as the type of the date
used in the output report. By using the other three options in this section, it is possible to show the
name of the month and week and milliseconds in the report. / In rooms such as "AMT-Distance" and
"AMT-Overcurrent", next to each of
the "Fault Types" are written numbers which show the test points, the number of passed test points, the
number of failed test points, the number of test points that are outside the range of the device and the
number of untested test points
respectively. With this explanation, unchecking each of these options in the "Show/Hide Test Counters"
will cause the number of points associated with that option not to be displayed. / / In the "Report
Refresh Interval" field of the "Report"
section, the update time for the report is specified. In the "Report Package" section, the default
settings for the "Reports" are adjusted. In the "Extra Tools" section, clicking on the " Template Report
Generator", opens the "PDF Report
Creator" page where the desired test files can be imported to get a report. By clicking on "Remove
Signature", the "Remove Signature from Report" page opens where, without needing to open the test files,
the added signatures to the reports
can be removed. In the "Template" section, the settings of the "Test Object" of the device as well as
the settings related to displaying numbers in the "Decimal Places" are adjusted. / By checking the "Auto
Save" option, the software saves
the last changes made to the test page according to the time specified in the "Interval" field. These
files are also saved in the location specified in the “Directory” box in “History” section.The maximum
reserved size for these files
and the maximum duration of time that these files are kept in the system is specified in the “Max Size”
and “Max Time” filed, respectively,and the user is able to change these values. By unchecking any of
these options, the limitation
is removed as well. By doing this, if the software crashes for any reason, the test page and the user
information will remain safe. / In the "Alert-Tone on Hardware Error" dropdown field, you can select an
alert sound for when there is
a hardware error in the device. The settings for specifying and changing the sizes of the tables of the
rooms such as "Distance" and "Differential" are adjusted in the "Styles of Tables" section. You can
customize the "Key Setting" section
to be able to use the "Enter" key and the arrow keys to move in the cells of a table. In the
"Communication Mode" section, you can choose between "Service System" and "Integrated System" for the
connection between different rooms and pages
of the software. "Appearance Setting of Groupbox" is designed for personalizing user interface. This
setting is divided to two categories of “text” and “border”, which are used to personalizing the borders
, color and text’s fonts. In
the following tutorials, all of the above will be stated in detail as well as how to adjust the
settings. / / / /
GENERAL SETTING OF ROOMS, PART2 In the “Templates” section, by clicking on the “Device” button, a
new screen named"Device Settings" appears in which the default settings for the Device are set. If
changes are made to this section, clicking
on the "Save to Template" button will save these changes as a template. After confirming the setting,
The user can reset the settings saved as the template, by visiting the “General Test Object” in any of
the rooms and clicking on “Load
Template” in ”Device Setting” screen. / Clicking on the “Decimal Places” button opens a screen named
“Number of Decimal Places Settings” where the accuracy of the numbers and the number of digits visible
for every parameter are determined.
In the “Item Type” field, the desired section or room is selected and in the “Sample Value” field a
number has been inserted as an example. The name and unit of the parameter are seen in the “Parameter
Name” and “Absolute Unit” columns
respectively. In the “Absolute Eng. Factor” column, the number of digits displayed is specified. For
example, if number 7 is entered in this column, 7 digits of the number entered in the “Sample Value” are
displayed. All changes made on
this screen are considered as default for this section in the software and applied to different rooms.
For example, if "Sequencer" is selected in "Item Type" field, by making and confirming some changes in
this screen, via opening “Sequencer"
room and checking "Decimal Places", it can be seen that done setting considered as default. There are
several audio files available in the “Alert Tone on Hardware Error” section in the “Preferences” screen
which can be used as the alarm
tone in case of a hardware error. / / By activating the “Automatic” option in the “Style of Tables”,
dimensions of table cells will be set by the software automatically. By activating the “Manual” option,
the user can modify the dimensions
of the cells of the tables. In this drop-down list, user chooses how table cells dimensions be set. In
the “height of table cells” the height of each cell is adjusted by pixels. For example by selecting and
confirming "All Cells", If you
visit the “Distance” room and shot several points, you see the width of each column is equal to the
title of its header and due to selecting "Manual" state its dimensions is changeable by the user. In the
“Key Setting” section, by activating
the “Enter like Tab in Forms” option, the user chooses “Enter” as the “Tab” key to move between the
cells. By activating the “Arrow like Tab in Forms” option, the user chooses to move between the cells in
the tables by using the arrow
keys. / By selecting “Service System” in the “Communication Mode” section, each of the rooms on the
first screen of the software, if opened, will launch as a separate exe file and each window will be used
independently from the windows
of other rooms which will reduce the use of system resources; however, by selecting the “Integrated
System” option, if several rooms are running simultaneously, all of them will be running in the same exe
file. In this case, in addition
to using more system resources, if a window is running in one of the rooms, the other rooms and screens
of the software will not be usable. /
DEFAULT SETTING FOR “REPORT” In the “Room” tab and in the “Report” section, the time of updating the
reports in the rooms, if any changes happen, it indicates in the “Report Refresh Interval” field. For
example, the test information is checked
every five seconds and if there is any change the report is updated. In this section, by clicking on the
“Setting” button a new window named “Report Setting” is opened. In “Item Type” the default settings can
be specified to get the report
from a specific room or screen. /. / / The elements that can be added to the report by the user are
located in the “Report Setting” section of this window. By checking the main option, the user can add
all the subsets to their output report.
If the user chooses only some of the subsets of the main option, the square sign next to the main option
will be displayed as a half-filled square. In the column next to the "Report Setting" section, the user
can select HTML or PDF as
the format of the report preview. / / By clicking on the "Advance" button, the screen is displayed more
extensively, and more settings can be applied to the report. By checking each of these categories, their
subcategory is opened and
the needed settings can be applied. At the top of this screen, there are options used for saving the
applied settings and using them again later. / For instance, if “Sequencer” is selected in the “Item
Type” and some specific settings
are set at default and confirmed, after entering the “Sequencer” room, selecting the “Report View”
option from “View” menu and reviewing the “Report Setting” section and then selecting “Load from
Template” option, you will see that the
same settings are set at default for this section as well. In the "Extra Tools" section, the user is
allowed to click on the "Report Generator" button and get a report on the saved test files without
needing to open them. After clicking
on this button, a screen called "PDF Report Creator" opens. On this screen, the user can select their
test files to get a report on by clicking on the “Select Input Files” button. For example, the first two
files are selected. The user
can, also, by clicking on the “Select Input Folders”, select a folder including several test files. and
insert them into the “Files” section. For example, “Vebko Test Files” folder is selected. By clicking on
the “Clear” button, the files
inserted for getting a report can be removed from the list. / / / / / / / By selecting the “Open Folder
after Creating PDF” option in the “Other Setting” section, the folder where the file is saved will be
displayed right after the report
is made. In the “Output” section, by selecting the “Save Report in File Directory” option, the report
files can be saved at the same directory as where the files are imported from. If the “Save all Report
to Selected Directory” option
is selected, the user can select a specific directory and save all their reports in that directory. / /
/ There are two options available in the “Overwrite File” section. In order to clarify this issue with
an example, a file is imported
for getting a report. By selecting the “Bypass Existing PDFs” option, if they’re already exists a report
on a file in the selected directory, the software does not make another report on that file. The
appearance of this screen is due
to the prior selection of the “Open Folder after Creating PDF” option which can be disabled. By
selecting the “Overwrite Existing PDFs”, the new report replaces the previous one. / In the “Report
Setting” section, by selecting the “Load
Report Setting from File” option, it is specified that for making the reports, the setting from the
loaded files should be used. By selecting the “Load Report Setting From Template” option, the settings
which are saved in the Template
file will be used for making the reports. In the “Device Setting” section, by selecting the “Load Device
Setting from File” option, it is specified that for making the reports, the Device setting from the
loaded files will be used, while
in the same section, by selecting the “Load Device Setting from Template” option the settings which are
saved in the Template file will be used for making the reports. By selecting the “Include Test Object
Active Test” option in the “Report
Setting of Instrument” section, if a report is made on the Instrument test files, the information
existing in the “Test Object” tab will be included in the report under any circumstances. / / / / By
selecting “Include Last Active Test”
option, the previously saved equipment test files and the last performed test which has not been cleared
by the user, by selecting “Add to Report” radio-button the report of that test is added to the report as
well but if the user has
added the test result to the output report, by selecting “Bypass When Added To Report” radio-button, the
software does not add the test result to the output report again. / / By clicking on the “Remove
Signature” button in the “Extra Tools”
section on the “Preferences” screen, a new screen named “Remove Signature from Report” appears in which
the user can remove the existing signatures from the reports on their desired files. On this screen, by
clicking on the “Select Input
Files” button, the user selects their files for removing the signature. By clicking on the “Select Input
Folder” button, the user can select a folder containing several report files and import all of these
files into this list altogether.
After the report files have been added to the list, by clicking on the “Modify” button, the existing
signatures in the report will be deleted along with the framework around the report as well as the added
names to the signature. / / /
/
PREFERENCES PAGE "DIRECTORY" & "CASH" TAB In the "Directory" tab, the default paths for saving files
are specified. By clicking on any of the file formats, this default path can be changed. For example, by
double-click on "AMPro-Distance Report
Files", its path can be changed to desktop. To save the existing report file, open "Report View" in the
"Distance” room and click on the “Export Report”. It is seen that the saving path is located on the
desktop. / By checking the squares
in the “Remember Last Location” column, it is specified that if the user chooses another path while
storing the file, the software should remember that path. For example, if you open the “Distance” room,
and set the report file saving
path on drive “C” and save the file and then if you try to save the file again you can see that the
saving path has been changed to that folder. / By clicking on the “Restore Selected to Defaults”
button in the “Preferences” tab, the
changes made to the squares in the “Remember Last Location” column are restored and reset to the default
settings. For example if three squares become unchecked and two of them be selected. By clicking on
"Restore Selected to Defaults"
it's seen that these squares are gotten back to default state. / By clicking on the “Reset to Default”
button, all settings are reset to the default values. It is possible to save the changes made to the
settings of this section in a file
by clicking on the “Export” button. When necessary, this file can be imported and applied to other
screens. Settings related to different sections of the software are saved in the paths stored in the
“Cache” tab. In order to prevent software
slowdown in the long run, the software cache must be cleared. For clearing the cache of the software,
the “Clear” button should be used. The “Open Roaming Directory” button opens the path where the cache is
stored. In this folder, cache
files can be viewed or cleared. For clearing, select all of the folders then press the delete button on
keyboard. /
"CONNECTION & FIRMWARE"TAB In the "Connection & Firmware" tab on the "Setting" page, the settings
for the device connection and "Firmware Update" can be adjusted. Also, the settings for the connection
can be adjusted in the "Details" section.
The "IP" field is used to connect to the device. In the past, the last three digits of the device's
serial number were used for the fourth part of this field, but as of 15/07/2019, the last two digits of
the device's serial number are
used for this purpose. The "DNS", "Gateway", 'Subset Mask" and "Port" fields are used for network
connections. Once connected to the device, you can change these elements and then by selecting the "Set
to ATM" option the changes can be
saved. / The "Serial Number" is not changeable by a user and after connecting to the device, the last
three digits of the device's serial is written in this part. The "Version" field displays the current
version of the device and the "Minimum
Version" field displays the minimum version that allows updating the “Firmware". In the "MAC Address"
field, users can use the same software to connect to two devices. If the "MAC Address" of both devices
is the same, it is necessary to
change one of them. "MAC Address" of a device consists of 6 2-character parts. Enabling the "Enable
Update Connection Date by Device" option causes the information of this part to be refreshed
continually. If the user wishes to make and
apply some changes in this section, they should uncheck the mentioned option and by clicking on the "Set
to AMT" option, apply the changes. / The “Connect” button is used to connect to the device, / the
“Refresh Connection” button is used
to connect and disconnect the device once, / the “Disconnect” button is used to disconnect the device, /
the “Ping Entered IP” button is used to check the authenticity of the connection to the device via LAN.
/ and, finally, the “Ping
Wi-Fi” botton is used to check the authenticity of the connection to the device via "Wi-Fi". / If the
connection is made via LAN, by clicking on the “Ping Entered IP”, the IP which is entered in this
section will be pinged. / If the connection
is made via Wi-Fi, by clicking on “Ping Wi-Fi”, this IP 192.168.1.1, which is specified for the Wi-Fi of
all devices, will be pinged. / “Update Firmware” is used to update the firmware of the device which is,
usually, done automatically
after connecting to the device. If it didn’t happen automatically, the “Update Firmware in Flash Mode”
must be used. How to use this option is explained in the related animation. /
DEVICE HARDWARE SETTING The general settings of the device are adjusted in the “Hardware” tab on the
“Preferences” page. In the “Fan mode” section, selecting "Silent" will change the speed of the "Fan"
depending on the temperature of the switches
or heatsinks of the device which is displayed on this page. But, if the "Max.Power" option is selected,
the fan of the device will work at its maximum power constantly. / / By activating the "Smart Delay"
option, if the temperature of
the device reaches 55 degrees, in the rooms such as "Distance" and "OverCurrent" where points are used
for the test, the test will automatically pause and a message saying "Cooling" will be displayed on the
bottom bar of the test screen.
The test will not resume until the temperature reaches 45 degrees. The maximum operating temperature of
the device is specified in the "Maximum Temperature" section. If the temperature of the device exceeds
this value, the device will
stop working completely. This value can be changed up to 70 degrees but, except for certain conditions,
the user must not set the temperature above 60 degrees. / In the "Switch Off After Test" section, the
user can specify how many seconds
after the test is finished, the current and voltage switches should be opened. This number is set to 5
seconds by default but it can be increased up to 10 seconds.In the "Deviation" section, the reporting
conditions for “Other” errors
can be specified. By default, it is specified in the software that if there is a difference between
actual voltage of the device and value specified in the software exceed 4 volts or the current
difference goes over 500 mA, the “Other”
error should be displayed. In the "Relative" section, this value is specified as a percentage of the
value specified in the test. In the actual operating mode, the device uses the lowest value among these
two for the error message. / /
In the "Binary Input Status" section, it is specified which binary is connected and which binary is not.
/ In the "Disable Error" section, a list of possible errors of the device is available and you can
disable them. "Select All Error
Other": this error is displayed when the device is unable to produce the current and voltage asked by
the user. The cause for this error can be the voltage outputs' short circuting or the current outputs'
open-circuting. By opening the
drop-down of each errors’ fields, any error can be disabled for a number of voltage and current outputs.
"Select All Error Self": every time before running the test, the device checks its internal hardware to
determine whether it is capable
of generating +50V or -50V of voltage and +5A and -5A of current. If there is a problem, the device
displays a "Self" error. "Error Thermal": this error is displayed when the temperature of the device's
sensors is increased. Occasionally,
the thermal sensor of one of the switches has a problem, indicating irrational temperatures such as 800
degrees. In this case, in the slider of this section, it is possible to deactivate the thermal error to
continue working with the device.
"Error Over Current Binary 9": the binary 9 of the device can measure the current up to 500mA. If the
input current of this binary exceeds this value, this error is displayed. "Select All Error Over Voltage
Binary": depending on the duration
specified for them, if their input voltage exceeds the specified limit, the binary inputs of the device
will display this error. For instance, in the 4.5V mode, if the input voltage of any of the binaries
exceeds 4.5V, the device will
display this error. In the "Times For ignoring Over Voltage Binary" field, the maximum time allowed to
ignore the "Over Voltage" error of the binary is specified. By default, it is set that if the time for
the "Over Voltage" error is not
shorter than 100 milliseconds, the device will not display any error about this matter. / This should be
noted that, since "Thermal Error" and "Error Over Current Binary 9" are among the fatal "Errors" of the
device, their deactivation
setting will not be saved by the software and will be disabled each time the software is run, then if
this "Error" needs to be disabled, the user must do this manually. The "Check RAM" section is used for
testing the RAM that is used in
the “AMT”. In the "Repetition" field, the number of times that a series of data are written in the RAM
and erased is specified. This section can be used in case of uncertainty about the performance of the
device's RAM. Since the writing
and reading operations are performed on the RAM multiple times, eventually, if there is a problem in
this process, the error light on the panel of the device will turn on. / In the "Earth" section, it is
possible to enable or disable the
"Earth" error of the device. If the "Enable" option is checked, it is necessary to connect the "Earth"
cable to perform the test. Otherwise, an “Earth” error will be displayed and the device will stop
working. This error can be deactivated
by unchecking the “Enable” option. But, it is vital to note that, doing so during the test can be lethal
and as it is ,also, stated in the displayed message, Vebko company will not be responsible. / It is
possible to activate or deactivate
the main hardware switches of the device in the “Switches” section. The switch number 1 is related to
the voltages and currents of the group A output. The switch number 2 is related to the voltages and
currents of the group B and VDC.
By deactivating every switch, all outputs of that switch will be deactivated. / In the "Combination
Cable" section, if the "Voltage" option is selected, the outputs of the Neutrik cable will include three
current and three voltage phases.
But if the "Current" option is selected, the output of the cable will consist of two three-phase current
groups which are used for various tests such as differential test. / The "Open VDC Setting" option is
used to enable the DC output
voltage of the device. By clicking on this option, the "VCD Diagrams" page opens. On this page, in the
"DC Value" field of the "Apply" section, the output DC value of this port is specified. This value can
be set up to a maximum of 212V
DC. By clicking on the "Apply" option, the "AUX DC" port of the device will inject the amount that is
specified in the "DC Value" field. The "AUX DC" output can be disabled by clicking on the "Disable DC"
option. By activating the "Record
Period" option in the next field, a duration of time is specified for recording the output signal of
this port. / In the "Now Value" section, the amount of current and voltage produced by the "AUX DC" port
is displayed. The "Max Current"
field shows the maximum current pulled from this port. In the following two diagrams, the instantaneous
amounts of voltage and DC current of this port are indicated. It is also possible to save the settings
set on this page as a PDF file
by clicking on the "Export Report" option. To reset and update the amount of the current displayed in
the "Max Current" section, you can click on the "Reset Max Current" option. / By checking the "Dancing
Light" option, the LEDs in front
of the device will turn on in a dancing manner. This operation is to test the healthy "LED" binary
inputs of the device. /
SOFTWARE START PAGE The "Start" page of the software is the first page that the you face when the
software is opened. At the top right is the version name of the software "Stable", "Test" as well as its
version number. If a new version of
the software is provided by Vebko, when you are connected to the internet, an option, saying "New
Version is Available" will appear at the top right. By clicking on this option, you can download and
install the latest version of the software.
Clicking on the "What's New" option opens a page in which the fixes or the features added to different
versions of the software are displayed. For preparing these versions, first, Vebko experts present the
software problems and suggestions
to the software group. Then, after evaluating and correcting this group, the new features are displayed
in detail on this page. / By clicking on the "Launch Remote Help" option, you can connect to the online
software support via one of
the two available methods of "AnyDesk" or "Ammyy Admin". For using AnyDesk, first, the user needs to
give the 9-digit number called AnyDesk ID, which is available at the top left of the "New Connection"
page, to the supporter. Then, the
supporter will enter the code in the "Remote Desk" section and press "Connect" to connect to the user's
"Desktop" page. / / Also, by clicking on "Ammyy Admin", the "Ammyy Admin-Free" page opens. Then, the
user needs to give their "ID"
and "Password" to the supporter. After that, the supporter will enter this information and connect to
the user's desktop. / The "Relay Modules" section contains the special software for Vebko’s relay. In
the "Tester Modules" section, different
relay test rooms are on the left while equipment test rooms are on the right. / You can adjust the
settings for all test pages by clicking on the "Preferences" option. In all rooms, you can see two
letters and numbers at the top right
of the screen: / 1- "M" means that how many megabytes of the ram is occupied by this page. / 2- "AS"
which is "Auto Save" means that if you make a change to the file, after passing the time that is
specified in front of this option, the
software automatically saves the status of the file and if there is a previous file, the new file
replaces the existing one. After the filed is saved, a message saying "Auto Save Done" will be displayed
at the bottom of the page. / The
software repeats this saving process every 30 seconds which can be changed in the “Auto Save” section in
the "Room" tab on the "Preferences" page. This saved file is displayed in the "Recovery" option. If the
software crashes for any reason,
by clicking on the "Recovery" option, you can recover and view the last saved version of your file. This
is an advantage for the software because the "Ctrl+Z" key combination recovers the changes based on this
30 seconds and if the software
crashes, the test file will not be destroyed. / / By clicking on the "Security", two options open.
"Clear Cache" option which is used to clear the cache of the software. / When you install the software
for the first time, you should click
on the "Open Source Location" option to run both "AMPro Application" and "AMPro APP Launcher" files as
an administrator. To do this, right-click on the mentioned files, then select "Properties" and in the
"Compatibility" tab, check the
"Run this program as an administrator" option. After that, you can close the window. / The "Contact us"
option provides you with ways to connect with experts at Vebko. / The "About" option, provides the user
with information about Vebko
company. / By clicking the "Help" option, provides the user with the reference manual and of the tester
and the software. / Various tasks are performed in the "AMT" section. You can directly connect or
disconnect to the device by holding
on the "Control" button and left-clicking on this image. The figure in this section indicates the
connection status to the device. By double-clicking on this section, it is possible to enter the
"Preferences" page directly. If you want
to connect to multiple devices at the same time, right-click on this section and select the device name
to connect to it. By doing this, the device name will appear on the left of the screen. /
GENERAL TYPES OF ROOMS Generally, there are two types of testing rooms available on the main page of
the software. The “VCC” room: this room provides you with a place to perform a series of different
tests. Also, it is possible to perform
several tests from different rooms in a continuous manner in this room. / The other rooms including “AMT
Sequencer”, “AMT Distance”, “AMT Transformer” and “AMT Differential”, have the same main page. The only
difference is that in these
rooms, a few features are made hidden or shown according to the needs. For example, in the “Hardware”
section in the “Sequencer” room, there is an option for “Calibration” but in the same section in the
“Distance” room, this option is
not available and has been made hidden. / All necessary features for performing different tests are
available in the “Sequencer” room. “Table View”, “Detail View” and “Measurement View” are the important
windows of this page while the
“Table View” and “Measurement View” are not available in the other rooms. Also, the “Detail View” window
in this room is different from the “Detail View” in the other rooms like “Distance”. In rooms like
“Overcurrent”, “Distance” and “Differential”,
which are also called the “Medium” rooms, the “Table View” and “Measurement View” windows are not
available but instead, the “Test View” window is available in these rooms. Generally, the “Test View”
window is the same in all “Medium”
rooms. In the “Test View”, some options are made hidden or shown according to the needs. For example, in
the “Differential” room, the “I diff” and “I bias” fields are available, while in the “Distance” room,
the “[z,Left:0,Top:0,Right:0,Bottom:0,Scale:50%]”
and “phi” fields are available. Some parts like “Trigger” and “Binary Output” are the same in all rooms
because changing their parameters was not deemed to be necessary. Those rooms which are used for testing
the equipment are called “State
Sequencer” and the windows available in the “Sequencer” rooms are, also, available in these rooms.
Moreover, the “Instrument View” window, which is not available in the “Sequencer” rooms, is added to
these rooms. Some windows including
“Vector View” and “Signal View” are similar in all rooms and have the same structure but it is possible
that some of their information is made hidden or shown according to the needs.
TOOLBAR AND STATUS BAR, PART 1 By opening each room, a page which contains several windows opens
Along with these windows there is the toolbar and the status bar. After closing these windows, the
explanation of different parts of the menu
and the toolbar will be given in the video This toolbar is the same in all sections and the “Sequencer”
room has another toolbar which is exclusive to it. / To open a new room, click on "File" and select
“New". You can also access the
files that have already been saved by selecting “Open". Use “Save" or “Save as" to save a file. Use
“Recent" to access the files that have recently been saved. / Use “Security” to encrypt a file the
encryption has three levels the first
level, full permission, allows users with an encryption code to access the settings, run the test file
and save the output. / In the second level, users cannot change the settings but can only run the test
file and save the output in the
third level of encryption, users can only view the file. / Use "Export Report" to save the test file as
PDF. Use “Exit" to close and exit the test page. Click on “View" and select “Toolbars" to see different
modes of the toolbar Add or
remove the check mark to show or hide the icons. / Use “Status Bar" to hide or show the status bar at
the bottom of the page. / The "Units" option has three parts: / Choosing time between “Cycles" and
“Seconds”. By default, time is displayed
in terms of seconds while by selecting “Cycles” the time is displayed in terms of cycles. Determine the
cycle time in “Test Object", the “Device” block and then in the “f nom” field. If this frequency is
changed the time is change accordingly.
/ Choosing Parameter’s values between “Absolute” and “Relative” By default Parameters' values are
“Absolute”. use “Relative” to see parameters' values dependent to nominal value The nominal values for
voltage can be determined in the “Test
Object”, “Device” and in the “V nom secondary” field, for current in the “I nom secondary” and for
frequency in the f nom field. / Choosing values between “Primary” and “Secondary. By default, software
values are in terms of secondary.
To see the values in terms of primary use the “Primary” option these values can be determined in the
“Test Object”, “Device” block, “V primary” and “I primary” field / The “Communication Logger" option is
for the communications of devices
and laptops that the Vebko’s programmers use. Different windows in the “Sequencer” page including
“Vector View" and “Signal View” are shown in this list / Use "Revision History" to access all of the
files that were saved by the program
every 30 seconds. By selecting each file, you can reset them as needed Select “Start/Continue" option in
the “Test" menu to run the test. To stop the test use “Stop”. Use “Clear" to remove the test results. /
In the “Parameter” menu, select
“Test Object” to open “General Test Object” page. Select “Report” to open “Report Setting” page. / Use
“Delete all Added Reports" to remove all of the reports that have been added to the output report using
the “Add to Report” option.
/ Using "Number of Decimal Places Setting" option, depended page opens and you can determine parameter
units and determine how to display numbers / If an error occurs during the test, in the “Hardware" menu
click on “Clear Error" to remove
it and run the test again. / Use “Reset Hardware” to reset the device’s hardware automatically. Select
“Configuration” to open the “Hardware Configuration" page. In this page output voltage and current,
input and output binaries setting
and extra setting is set. / Click on "Calibration" to open the calibration page. Vebko’s experts use
this page for device calibration. / In the "Window" menu you can adjust the layouts. The “System Default
Layout” option displays a default
arrangement of windows for the software. Also the "Custom Default Layout" option displays the windows as
"Default Layout" saved by the user. / The "Default Undock" option displays the windows as "Undock" and
the location of each window
can be adjusted. / With the "Cascade" option, the windows are in a row and behind each other. Note that
these options are used when the room layout is in “Default Undock Layout”. / The "Default Layout for
Transient" option is for the test
mode and the "Default Layout for Quick" option is used for the "Quick" mode. / "Manage Layout...” is
used to store the desired layouts, and even several "Layout" can be stored in it. To use a stored
"Layout" click on its name, then select
“Apply Layout" to open the "Layout“. / By choosing the "Current Style as Default" option, the page
layout that is being used is determined a "Custom Default Layout" / The "Schema” option shows different
states and colors for the toolbar
and the background of the test page which can be selected as desired. In the "Help" menu, the "Help
topics" option opens the tips of the software and the tester. / / The "Shortcut keys" option shows all
the shortcut keys in the software.
The "About" option also gives the user information about the company. / /
TOOLBAR AND STATUS BAR, PART 2 There are icons for faster and easier access in the toolbar at the
top of the screen. The first six icons are, in fact, the same as the "View" menu and the "Unit" field
which are available at this page too. /
The "Time in Second" and "Time in Cycle", "Relative Values" and "Absolute Values", and "Primary Values"
and "Secondary Values" icons are used to select the time in seconds or cycles, to specify the values in
relative or absolute values
and to specify whether the values entered are primary or secondary, respectively. / By clicking on the
"New Room" icon, a new window opens on the test page. If you hold this icon down by the "Control" key
and then click on one of the rooms,
a separate room opens without closing the current room. / By clicking on the "Open" icon, a saved test
file opens. If the user wishes to search for a file with a specific extension, they can click on this
icon and then select the desired
room. After that, they can search among the saved files in the selected room. / Also, the “Save” icon,
saves the test file. These icons show the different windows on the “Sequencer” page. / In this section,
you can see the “Report View”,
“Test Object” and “Hardware Configuration” icons. By clicking on any of these icons, the user is
referred to the respective page. / By using the "Number of Decimal Places Setting" icon, it is possible
to specify the number of integers
and decimal digits displayed by the software as well as the quantity of that unit. / By using the
"Static Output" icon, it is possible to specify that the device will only inject the values of a "State"
a selected "State". The icons in
this section are used to "Stop", "Start", and "Clear Test", respectively. / The phrase "Ready to
Connect" means that the software is ready to connect to the device. The "Refresh" icon disconnects and
connects the connection one more time
to fix any existing problem with the test. / This row of the toolbar is only for the "Sequencer" room.
If there are several "State"s, it is possible to select the desired "State" by using these icons and
even jump to the first or last
"State". By using these icons, it is possible to select the first, previous, next and last "State", in
the mentioned order. / The "New State", "Delete State", "Copy Before", "Copy After" icons are used to
create a new "State", delete an
existing "State", create a "State" similar to the previous "State", and create a "State" similar to the
next "State", respectively. / The "Insert Z shot" icon creates three "State"s as an impedance test. The
"Select File to Merge" icon
inserts the "State"s of other saved files in this room and adds them to the "State"s existing in the
file. By using the "Copy & Paste State" icon, it is possible to copy a "State" and "Paste" it somewhere
else. / By clicking on the "Copy
& Paste State", a new page opens with the same name. Then, the desired "State" is selected from the list
and in the "Options for Paste" section, the location for pasting and its number are specified and,
finally, "Ok" is clicked. / The
"Correct Name of State" icon restores the default name of "State"s in case they have been changed. By
clicking on the "All State" icon, the waveform of all the "State"s is displayed in "Signal View". / If
the user only wants the current
"State" to be displayed, they should click on the "Current State" icon. Of course, the "Current State"
has other uses too, especially in transient state testing which will be explained in the future video
tutorials. / The next icon shows
the status of receiving the binary signals from the inputs of the device in case they are enabled. The
icons in the status bar show the status of the voltage and current ports. If there is something wrong
during the test with any of the
ports, the corresponding icon in this section turns red. / / The phrase "St. Cond. "Immed" indicates the
start time of the test, run by the user, which can be displayed instantaneously after clicking on
"Start", in accordance with receiving
signals from the binaries or the "GPS" clock time. / The phrase "CT: Dir. Line" indicates the location
of the "CT" on the line which can be on the "Line" side or on the “Bus bar" side. This is important in
tests such as "Distance" when
injecting current. / The phrase "Running Room: Noun" indicates which room of the software is running the
test. Also, this figure shows the connection status of the device. / In the case of connecting to
several devices at the same time,
from this section, it is possible to specify that to which "AMT" device should this room be connected
for performing the test. /
“NEW BASED ON CUSTOM TEMPLATE” OPTION In addition to “New” option, this option is designed to ease
the test and save time. It is possible for you to create a default “Template” in accordance with your
needs and when necessary, by loading this
“Template” apply the saved changes. / First Mode: “Custom Template” In “Custom Template” you can create
a “Template” by using “Device Template”, “Report Template”, or “Decimal Places Template” modes. This can
be explained by creating a
“Template”. To do so, in “Preferences” in “Room” section, you can create a “Template” from “Device
Template” and “Template Report Package” or “Decimal Places Template”. / For example, after entering
“Preferences” window, in “Decimal Places
Template” section for “Sequencer” room, select and apply “Volt” as the unit for voltage in “Template”.
Enter “Vebko” in “Name” and “Manufacturer” fields in “Device” section, and then by applying the
settings, save these changes as a “Template”.
Now, to use these “Templates” in the rooms, you need to select the saved “Templates”. If you open
“Decimal Places” in “Sequencer” room, you can see that the changes made in “Preferences” is not applied
to this section. Now to apply the
“Template”, by clicking on “New Based On Template” in “New” window, you can see “Custom Template” and
“Saved Template” radio buttons. By selecting “Custom Template” radio button, you can specify which of
the three mentioned sections is
to be applied to the new file. Then, by confirming the settings by selecting “Ok” you can view the
applied changes. / Second Mode: “Saved Template” In “Saved Template”, you can specify the default
necessary windows, arrangements and the
number of fields. To better understand this, select “State Type Continuous”, open “Vector View” window
and specify the desired size. Then, select “Save as Template” from ‘File” menu and select a title for
it. If you wish to apply your
specified “Template” in a new room, you need to click on “New Based On Template” and select “Save
Template” radio button. In the end, select the desired “Template” and apply it. /
DETERMINING DECIMAL NUMBERS, PART 1 After explaining the toolbar, it is necessary to give an
introductory about the basic concepts in the system. Each room includes four main parts: 1- “Number of
Decimal Places Setting” Display settings for
numbers and quantity units in the test rooms. 2- “Hardware configuration” For the Device hardware
settings. 3- “Test Object Parameters” To access the relay settings. 4- “Report View” To access the
output and the test reports. Given these
four components and the nature of each window and its functions in every room, you can run a test. / / /
/ Click on the “Number of Decimal Places Setting” to open its page. In this page you will find the names
of the quantities in the
“Parameters Name”. You will find the units of every quantity written in the “Absolute Unit" block and
they can be changed. The “Absolute Eng. Factor" shows a Number of meaningful figures, for example, if
you enter the number 545569 in
the “Sample Value” and enter the number 3 in the “Absolute Eng. Factor" block, the program shows 546KΩ
which is also displayed in the “Absolute Display” block. If you enter the number 2 in this block, the
number displayed in the “Absolute
Display” block is 550.00KΩ. / / "Absolute Accuracy” block shows the number of decimal fractions rounded
up. For example, if you enter the number 5.235 and enter the number 2 in the “Absolute Accuracy” block,
the final number is 5.2. /
/ Now, in this case, if you enter the number 5 in “Absolute Eng. Factor”, the number 5.2400 is displayed
in the “Absolute Display” which shows 5 meaningful figures that the last two digits are rounded up
corresponding to the “Absolute
Accuracy” block. / The blocks “Relative Accuracy”, “Relative Unit", “Relative Eng. Factor" and “Relative
Display” also have the same functions but only for relative values. For example, if the voltage unit in
“Absolute Unit" is VATR and
in the “Relative Unit" is HYU, clicking on “OK" shows that the voltage unit is changed and changing the
mode from “Absolute” to “Relative” has also changed its unit. / /
DETERMINING DECIMAL NUMBERS PART 2 After setting the "Number of Decimal Places Setting", it is
necessary to get familiar with a number of concepts as well as the method for initializing the software.
Generally, there are three methods for
entering the information. 1-The information that is entered in the tables. 2-The information that is
entered in a separate cell where only entering numbers is possible. 3-The information that is entered in
a separate cell where only entering
text is possible. The point is that it is not possible to enter any information in those cells which are
"Read only" in conditions such as "Line-Line" mode. / If you double-click on a cell, the content inside
the cell becomes highlighted
and while entering the information, its unit of quantity remains stable. In these cells, there is a
space between the entered number and its unit which makes a better view for the user. By holding the
mouse on each cell and clicking on
it, the minimum and maximum numbers which can be entered in the intended cell are displayed. Close the
"Measurement View" and "Detail View" windows and open the "Vector View" window. Then, right-click on
this window and select "Show" in
the opened list and check the "Line-Line" option so that the linear values are displayed on this window.
/ Now in the "Table View", enter “23.00" for the second phase voltage with zero phase. You can see that
the value of "VL1-L2" in the
"Vector View" window is zero. Now, enter "23.0001" for the first phase in the "Table View". Then, you
can see that in the "VL1-L2" linear voltage field, the number "100µV" is displayed while in the "Table
View", both first phases show
the same value of 23.00. The number "23.0001" is in the memory of the software but since it is specified
in the "Number of Decimal Places Setting" that only four meaningful numbers should be displayed, the
number "23.00" is being shown
while the original number is "23.0001" which is stored in the memory of the software. If you
double-click on the first phase, and after it gets highlighted, press "enter" on your keyboard, this
time the number "23.00" gets recorded in
the software and, also, the linear voltage amount changes to zero. / If you enter "23.2568" in the first
phase, the "VL1-L2" linear voltage field will display the number "256.6mV" while in the "Table View" the
number "23.26" will be displayed
which means that, not only according to the "Number of Decimal Places Setting", only four meaningful
digits of this number are being displayed, but also, this number has been rounded. It is also possible
to use measurement units while
initializing. For example, you can enter “10m” instead of the number "0.01". In this case, there is a
space between "m" and "V" after pressing the "enter" button, the "m" acronym sticks to the quantity unit
and the "Space" gets removed
in order to make a better view for the user. In some cells, after entering the intended value, a message
is displayed saying that the entered value is above the allowed limit. In this case, there are two
possibilities: / 1-In some cells,
after clicking on the "OK" option, there is another message displayed saying that if you select the "No"
option, the entered number will not be recorded in the cell and the previous number will replace the new
one but if you select the
"Yes" option, the new number will be recorded and the cell turns red, indicating an error in the
recorded number. / 2-In some other cells, if the entered number is above the allowed limit, if you click
on the “OK” option in the displayed
message, the software will not allow this number to get recorded in the cell and uses the previous
number instead. / In addition to directly entering a number, it is possible to use mathematical
expressions and operations to enter a number
in the software. For example, if you "1/256", which the software will automatically calculate and put
the result in the cell. Or you can enter a mathematical operation in the cell, like "sin45*sqrt25" which
is the amount of "sin" in radians.
The point to note is that it is not possible to enter mathematical operations as something like "11m*1"
and no measurement units are to be used in mathematical operations. /
ANALOG OUTPUT SETTING By clicking on "Hardware Configuration", a new page with the same name opens
where the settings for voltage and current outputs, binary inputs, and outputs of the device as well as
some other settings in "Extra Setting"
are set. In the "Analog Output" tab, the settings for voltage and current outputs, activeness or
inactiveness of outputs, labeling them and displaying the actual values for the output signals of the
device are adjusted. / In "Voltage and
Current Output" sections, the maximum receivable voltage and current from the outputs of the device are
specified according to their wiring, which the users can use depending on their needs. By selecting any
of the options, a figure of
the wiring for receiving the required voltage and current is displayed in a box in the middle of the
page. For example, by selecting single-phase 300 V, to receive up to 300 V with a 400 mA current, the
user needs to do the wiring according
to this figure. In the "Current Output" section, there is some information about wiring. For example, in
the first wiring, there are 6 32 amp current Outputs. In this case, a maximum of 32 amp with 3 V is fed
by every phase and up to 5
amp with 12 V is receivable from the current outputs. / In the "Show Actual Value" column in "Voltage
Output Signal” and "Current Output Signal" sections, it is possible to activate displaying the "Actual"
value of output signal in the
"Signal View" window. To do this, you need to change the value of the cell of your intended signal in
the "Show Actual Value" from "False" to "True". For example, if the "Show Actual Value" of "VL1-E"
signal is changed to "True", by running
the test, it is observed that there are circles on the waveform of its signal. / / In the "Output Label"
column, it is possible to specify a "Label" for each of the outputs. In addition to the labels in the
drop-down field, it is possible
to add new label by typing it. / In the "Output Target" column for each of the outputs a target will be
specified. In selecting an "Output Target", it is important to note that each of these "Output Target"
has a meaning. For example,
if "VL1-E" is selected for the first output of the "voltage output A" and "IL1" for the first output of
the "current output A", by selecting "Set Mode: Z-I const", the software divides the 2 volts of "VL1-E"
into 1 amp of "IL1", which
are the first output of the "voltage output A" and the first output of the "current output A",
respectively, to simulate phase to ground fault with a 2 ohm fault impedance. Now, if, in the "Hardware
Configuration" page, "VL1-E" is selected
for the second output of "voltage output A", in simulating the fault impedance of the previous example,
the software, again, divides the 2 volts voltage of "VL1-E" into 1 amp current of "IL1", except that
this time the voltage of "VL1-E"
and "IL1" is injected from the second output of the "voltage output A" and the first output of the
"current output A", respectively. Also, it should be noted that if "VL3-E" is selected for the third
output of the "voltage output A", and
the same "Output Target" is selected for the single-phase output of the "voltage output B", the third
output of the "voltage output A" changes to "Not Used" and this "Output Target" is selected for the
single-phase output of the "voltage
output B". This means that each of the available "Output Target" can only be selected for a single
output. / / / / As another example, in the "AMT Distance" Room, the software uses "voltage output A" and
"current output A" to simulate
fault impedance. If the user wants to use the "current output B" instead of the "current output A" for
current injection, they should select "IL1", "IL2" and "IL3" as the "Output Target" for the three
outputs of the "current output B"
in the "Hardware Configuration" page. /
BINARY INPUT SETTING, PART1 Under the "Binary Input" tab in “Hardware Configuration" window, the
settings of the 10 binary inputs of the device are set. Binaries 1 to 8 are located at the bottom of the
device from left to right. Binaries 9
and 10 are located in the upper right row of the device. Binaries 1 to 8 are of the voltage type. The
binaries 9 and 10 are used for measuring AC and DC currents with 50micro precision up to 500mA and 240mv
respectively. / Activating and
deactivating a “Binary Input”: Activation or deactivation of binaries is determined in the "Binary Input
Target" column. For example, you can activate binary number 3 by clicking on its relevant field. In this
case, a list of different
targets is displayed and you can select one depending on your test's needs. Note that the binary inputs
of the device may be sensitive to your selected target. While testing the equipment and changing the
hardware configuration of the
device, you should note that the label of binary inputs must be selected in accordance with the
information in the test configuration. By clicking on this field and selecting "Not Used", it is
possible to deactivate the corresponding "Binary
Input". It is also possible to use the "N" shortcut to deactivate a "Binary Input". You can activate or
deactivate the binaries 1 to 8 at the same time by using the square above the binaries' numbers column.
/ / Selecting a “Label” for
a “Binary Input”: You can select a "Label" for your desired "Binary Input" in the "Binary Input Label"
column. By default, the "Label" selected in the "Binary Input Target" is listed in this part but the
user can, also, select a different
"Label" from the drop-down list or enter a new "Label" in Persian or English. It should be noted that in
"Report" and binary signal display in "Signal Label", the "View" specified in this section is displayed
as the label for the signal.
This also applies to "Analog Output" and "Binary Output" and in the "Report" the "Label" is displayed
for the desired parameter. / Specifying Binary-Input Type: In the "Binary Input Type" column, the type
of binary inputs number 1 to 8
is selected from two generic modes of "Dry" and "Wet", which is by default set as "Dry". In this case,
there is a 2V DC on the two ends of "Binary Inputs" Zero Mode and by short-circuiting the output
contacts of the relay, the voltage
decreases to zero and the digital signal 1 is detected by the binary. / In the "Wet" mode, the binaries
number 1 to 8 are set to measuring mode. There are three levels for this mode. In the "Wet Max 4.5V"
level, the "Binary Input" measures
up to 4.5V with 1mV precision, up to 30V with 3mV precision in the "Wet Max 30V" and up to 188V with
10mV precision in the "Wet Max 188V" level. When the "Wet" mode is selected for "Binary Input", the
"Threshold" column is activated. In
this column, a threshold is specified for "Binary Input" status. For example in the "Wet Max 188V"
level, if the threshold is set to "50", if the maximum input voltage is less than 50V, digital signal 0
is detected while with a maximum
input voltage more than 50V, digital signal 1 is detected. / If the "Binary Input" is used for measuring
the voltage, it is important to select the maximum level of "Wet" measurement. For example, to measure a
23V voltage, the binary level
"Wet Max 30V" must be selected. If “Wet Max 4.5V" is selected, when the voltage exceeds 4.5V, the
software gives an "Over Voltage Binary" error message and if the "Over Voltage" error has not been
enabled, by exceeding the specified voltage,
the binary input operates in a dual-purpose mode which means that it records the logical signal pick up
or trip and, also, measures the voltage and by injecting AC voltage, the binary turns into repetitive
zeros and ones. In this case,
the memory of the software gets full and a "Result is Full" error is displayed. Also, if the "Wet Max
188V" is selected, the measurement precision is decreased. / / /
BINARY INPUT SETTING, PART2 “Reverse” column: In "False" mode in the "Reverse" column, the logic of
binary’s becoming 0 and 1 is the same as described earlier. If the "True" mode is selected, the
detection logic of the binary's becoming 1
is reversed. For example, in the "Wet Max 188V" level with a 50V threshold, if the binary voltage goes
below 50V, its status is detected as 1, otherwise, it equals 0. In the "Dry", the "Binary Input" status
is 1 only when it's "Open Circuit"
and it's 0 in the short circuit state. / / The “Show Actual Value” column: In the "Show Actual Value"
column, the mode of displaying the actual voltage value of the input binary is selected from "AC" and
"DC". The "DC" mode is used for
situations where the input voltage of the "Binary Input" is "DC". The "AC" mode, on the other hand, is
for situations where the incoming voltage to the "Binary Input" is "AC". In this case, this is done for
a better display and precision
of the phase calibration and frequency. "None" mode is used for not displaying the actual value of the
binaries. To view the actual value in the "Vector View", it is possible to view the measured value by
the binary after opening this
window. / / “Show Result” column: In the “Show Result” column, it is specified that whether the changes
of the 1 and 0 logical signals of the “Binary Input” should be recorded by the software or not. “True”
means that the logical signal
should be recorded and “False” means the opposite. For example with 50 voltage threshold and “False” for
“Show Result” and “Reverse” the trip signal is sent by the relay to the device. As signal of binary
input 1 excess the threshold the
binary changes are not recorded by “signal view” becqause the signals are not being recorded / / DC
Voltage Injection: In the "Apply VDC" column, it is possible to inject a DC voltage into the binary
input. For example, in the "Wet Max
188V" with a 50V threshold, the number 100V is entered and subsequently the wiring to inject the DC
voltage into the binary input is displayed. According to this wiring, the output relay contact is
switched to "Wet". In this case, if the
input voltage of the binary exceeds 50V, the "Binary Input" equals 1. It should be noted that it is
possible to inject DC voltage only into one "Binary Input" and not into multiple Binary Inputs
simultaneously. If for any reason, the output
relay contact is corrupted, it may not get stimulated by the 2V on the "Binary Input" of the device; so
a, for example, 100V DC is injected into it. In this case, a mild current passes through the relay
contact and its short-circuiting
is detected. / The “Description” column: In this column, there is some information about the condition
where the binary input of the device equals 1. For example, in the “Wet Max 188V” with a 50V threshold,
when the input voltage exceeds
50V, the binary status equals 1. / Configuration of the Binary Input 9 and 10: As mentioned before,
"Input" 9 is used for measuring currents up to 500mA and "Input" 10 is used for measuring Voltages up to
240mV. The columns "Show Result",
"Reverse", "Threshold", Apply VDC" and "Description" are disabled for these two binaries. In the "Binary
Input Type" column, the precision of "Input" 9 is set. On the back of this binary, there are four 1ohm,
20ohm, 100ohm and 1megaohm
resistors which are used to measure the current in different ranges. By selecting any of these resistors
in the "Binary Input Type" column, the 500mV voltage is divided into the resistor and the measurable
current is calculated by the
binary. It is, also, possible to display the actual measured current and voltage value in “DC” or “AC”
in the “Show Actual Value” column. / /
BINARY OUTPUT’S SETTING Under the “Binary Output” tab in the “Hardware Configuration” window, the
settings related to Binary Outputs of the device are set. “AMT 105” has four Binary Outputs and on the
back of each of them, there is a 10amp/240V
relay. Activation or deactivation of “Binary Output” is determined in the "Binary Output Target" column.
For example, to activate “Binary Output 1”, by clicking on the related field, it is possible to select a
target according to your
need from the drop-down list. For example, for Open / Close command of power keys, you can select
“CB52a” and “CB52b”. To deactivate this output, select “Not Used” in the same drop down list. By
checking the square option above the device’s
“Binary Output” numbers, it is possible to activate or deactivate all 4 binaries at the same time. In
the “Binary Output Label” column just like “Binary Input” section, a “Label” is selected for the
activated Binary Outputs. / After setting
the related settings, it is necessary to become familiar with the application of binary outputs. In the
older versions of the software, the "Binary Output" was opened and closed only once in each "State" but
in new versions of the software,
there is a feature added that allows you to change the status of Binary Outputs up to 4 times in a
state. The initial status of a “Binary Output” can be changed in several ways. 1- In the “Bin. Out”
section in the “Table View” window,
it is possible to change the status of a binary to close or open by clicking on while any changes are,
also, displayed in the “Signal View” at the same time. / 2- Similarly, it is possible to change the
status of binaries in the following
address: Detail ViewAnalog OutAnalog Output ChannelsBinary Outputs. The changes are, also, applied in
the “Table View” at the same time. In fact, these two sections are linked and every change is applied in
both sections at the same time.
/ 3- It is, also, possible to change the status of a “Binary Output” from “Binary Output” tab in “Detail
View” section. To determine additional start/stop and other options in a state, “Detail View” section
should be used. In this section,
for every “State”, you can change the status of Binary Outputs up to 4 times. By entering your desired
time in "1st Ch.", "2nd Ch.", "3rd Ch." and "4th Ch." you can specify the time for changing the Binary
Output status. For example, in
a normal situation, "Bin. Out1" is open. If number "1" is entered in "1st Ch." column, it means that
after performing the test, "Bin. Out" is open for 1 second and then it closes. If "2" is entered in "2nd
Ch." column, it means that 2
seconds after closing, the "Binary Output" must open. As All these changes are simultaneously displayed
in "Signal View" as well. You can, similarly, determine the change time for the 3rd and 4th states of
the "Binary Output" for "3rd
Ch." and "4th Ch." columns. / In the Trigger column, it is possible to set a condition for executing the
changes for “Binary Output” and no changes are made to the “Binary Output” until the "Trigger" condition
is met and the binary remains
the same. After the “Trigger” condition is met, the “Binary Output”, immediately, starts changing its
status according to the specified time. By clicking on the “Toggle” column, a list of other Binary
Outputs is opened and by selecting
any of them, the status of the “Binary Output” will be the opposite of the intended binary. This means
that whenever “Binary Out 1” is closed, “Binary Out 3” must be open and vice versa. These changes are,
also, displayed in “Signal View”.
/ / /
EXTRA SETTING Under the "Extra Setting" tab in the "Hardware Configuration" page, the settings for
the serial port of the device as well as some other operation enhancer settings are set. In tests where
the test run time is longer than 100
seconds, a lot of memory is required to display the "Actual Value" in "Signal View" throughout the test.
This amount of information slows down the software. By checking "Save last actual data" in "Extra
Setting" during the test run, the
"Actual Value" is displayed in "Signal View", for example in the last 10 seconds of the test, according
to the amount of data. In fact, this option plays the role of a short memory oscilloscope. By clicking
on "Maximum fan during test"
during the test run, the fan of the device starts working in "Maximum fan" mode and after the test ends,
it returns to normal mode. In “Binary Link Serial” field, it is possible to enter a number between 0 and
255 so that before the test
begins, the device sends a command to the equipment test board through “Binary Output” number four and
this board adjusts the appropriate connections for any of the equipment tests in accordance with the
received command. / In this section,
there is a part named “Serial Setting”. By adjusting the settings in this section, it is possible to
send a serial "Packet" in each "State" via the "AMT105" device. In the "Baud Rate" field, the
transmitting and receiving speed the speeds
must be the same are adjusted for making the connection. In "Data" field, the bit number of each data
that is sent is specified. In this section, to identify the end of the original data, one or two bits,
which are called "Stop bit", are
sent. The "Parity" field is used to indicate whether the number of 1 bits is odd or even and is also
used to identify the error code. In the "Initial Serial Command" section, you can write a message to
identify the data exchange. After
setting under the "Serial" tab in "Detail View", the sent command is written in the "Serial Command"
field. For each "State" of the device, the "AMT105" can send a command for the intended equipment. In
fact, this section can be used in
equipment test because there is an interface board between the "AMT105" and the equipment being tested.
By doing this while performing the test, the device sends a "Serial Command" to the board and this board
adjusts the settings according
to the "Serial Command". For example, send "abc" to "State1" and "cvf" to "State2". / / /
RELAY SPECIFICATION IN TEST OBJECT By clicking on “Test Object”, you can open the “General Test
Object” page. On this page, the settings related to “Object” or relay are adjusted. To enter the
information of the relay on this page there are
several ways. In the first case, the user reads all the information of the relay and enters manually.
For example, to enter the nominal Specifications of the relay, you can double-click on “Device” in the
“Service Setting” page in the
“Nominal Values” section and enter frequency and nominal voltage of the PTs as well as the nominal
current of the CTs. / Also, it is possible to enter information such as device name, serial number etc.
in the “Device” section. After that,
to save the information, it is necessary to click on “OK”. It should be noted that whatever is in the
"Device" block on the "Device Setting" page also exists in the "Device" block Tree diagram and the
values can be entered here too.
For example, there is a series of information about nominal values of the device, “Substation”, “Bay”,
“Nominal Values”, etc. You can also find this information in the branches of “Device” Tree diagram. This
means that in the “Name plate”
section, you can also find information about device’s ID or in the “Nominal Values” section, you can
find information about the nominal values of the relay. If “Vebko” is entered in the “Value” field, in
the “Device Name” row in the “Name
Plate” section, by opening the “Device” page, this word is also recorded in the intended section. / In
fact, these two sections are linked and enter changes simultaneously. After entering the nominal values
of the relays manually, it is,
also, necessary to manually enter the specifications of the protective function. For example, to enter
the specifications of the “Distance” protective function, you can enter the related information such as
tolerances, length and angle
of the line by clicking on “Distance” block in the “Distance Protective Parameters” page. You can also
draw the relay zones according to the catalog under the “Zone Setting” on this page. To do this, click
on “New” to open a new row and
then click on “Edit” and in the opened page enter the zone information according to the relay catalog
and then click on “OK”. After that you can see that the zone is drawn. / / By opening the “Distance”
block, the entered information can
be seen in the form of a tree diagram. For example, the information related to “Zone” is displayed in
this section too. You should note that these sections are linked. To enter information of functions such
as “Differential” and “Over
Current” you can click on the related block and enter the information. After entering the relay
information manually, by clicking on “OK”, you can import the settings to the software and continue the
test. You can enter a value in the
upper right corner of the “Value” feed and the software displays the parameters that have this value. /
You can also search for your intended word, by entering it in the “Tree” section. For example, by
entering “360” degrees in “Value”,
the parameters that have this value are displayed and if the word “Distance” is entered, this block and
its subcategories are displayed in a highlighted mode. There are two options of “OK” and “Cancel” on the
bottom of the page. “OK” is
used to enter the information and “Cancel” is used to cancel entering the information. If you check
“Show/Hide” option on the bottom, you can change the status of the lower window to hidden or visible
which will be fully explained in future
videos. The important point is that some of the relays provide the user with the settings as a “Rio”
file. By directly loading, all the settings of the relay are entered to the software automatically and
there is no need for manual insertion
of the information. /
INTRODUCING THE “RIO” By opening a “Rio” file in notepad, you see that the specifications of the
relay are mentioned in this file. For example, between “BEGIN DEVICE” and “END DEVICE” section,
information and nominal specifications of the
relay are mentioned. Or, in the “BEGIN DEVICE” section to the “END DISTANCE”, the information regarding
the distance function and in the “BEGIN ZONE” section, the information regarding the relay zones are.
Similarly, all the relay information
is mentioned in this file. / By having a “Rio” file, you can “Load” this file in “Test Object” through
“File” option. After loading, all of the information existing in the Rio file is displayed. So, the
second method for entering information
of relays whose software gives a “Rio” output file, is loading “Rio” file in “Test Object”. This is how
the relay information is loaded in the software. / The point is that the information in a “Rio” file is
fixed, meaning that it is not
possible to add or delete a new block or parameter in the “Device” block. In fact, “Rio” is a fixed file
and much of the "Test Object" design is related to the "Rio" file design. The purpose of "Rio" file is
that, for example, each "Distance"
relay be end to “Device” and “Distance” blocks and contain a series of nominal specifications, zones and
a series of times. However, it is possible that the “Distance” relay itself contains thousands of
parameters and not all of these
parameters exist in the “Rio” file but ultimately the “Rio” output file of the “Distance” relay contains
information mentioned in “Device” and “Distance” blocks. This is, also, true for “Differential” and
“Overcurrent” relays. So, the
“Rio” file is a fixed part of the relay settings and includes information related to “Device” block and
protective functions. Also, the “CB Configuration” block is added to “Rio” files for simulation of power
key operation. It is possible
to add other blocks to “Rio” file. For example, by opening “AMT Distance” room from “Test Object” window
it is possible to add another block, if necessary, by right-clicking on “Rio” and selecting the “Add
Block” option. / After making
a new block, it is possible to rename it by right-clicking on the block. Assume that a relay has two
functions of “Distance” and “Under Excitation”. These functions are tested by the impedance method. So
it is necessary that there are
two “Distance” blocks in this section. After adding a new block, by right-clicking on it and selecting
“Rename Block”, its name is changed to “Under Excitation”. By double-clicking on “Under Excitation”
block and selecting “Zone Setting”
tab on this page, a “Quad” zone is defined for this block according to the described settings. After
that, click on “OK”. / Now that there are two “Distance” blocks, one of them should be active. If the
cube next to the block is colored,
it means that it is active; if it white, it means that it is not active. Now, if you click on “OK”, the
information of the active distance block is displayed. Here, the “Mho” characteristic is active. Now,
for activating the second distance
block it is necessary to right-click on the intended block in the “Test Object” window and select “Set
as Active Function”. By doing this, the intended block is activated and the previous block is
deactivated and by clicking on “OK” the
characteristics of “Distance” and “Under Excitation” blocks that are from the “Quad” type are displayed
in the “Impedance View”. Also, in the advanced mode, it is possible to mix these two blocks. By
right-clicking on each block of “Rio”
file, it is possible to delete it. / Column Description: Each of these parameters has some information
in their row. In the “State” column, by double-clicking on each cell, “Rio Parameter Viewer” page is
opened. In the “Enabled” section,
you can activate or deactivate this parameter. By deactivating a parameter, the status of its “state”
changes. In the “Name” column, the name of the intended parameter is provided. In the “ID” column, there
is a unique name selected for
each parameter. In the “Description” column, there is an additional description provided for the
intended parameter. / In the “Value” column, the user can select a value for the intended parameter. In
the “Type” column, the type of the
inserted data for the parameter is specified. In the “Min” and “Max” columns, the minimum and maximum
allowed value for the parameter are specified. The “Formula” column is an indicator of that whether this
parameter is derived from a
formula or is dependent on another parameter. More will be said about this column in the “XRio” section.
/ How to make a Rio file by Excel: The point is that there is a series of relays that do not provide a
“Rio” file as an output. To
get a “Rio” file from this type of relays, click on the “Excel to Rio Files” icon on the “Rio Converter
Excel” page. Then, select your intended relay from the list. In this list, you can find the name of
relays whose “Excel” file exists
in the created software. After selecting the relay, its related “Excel” file opens. On this page, you
can enter information about the relay and after entering the information, by clicking on the “Save Rio
File” option, a “Rio” file is
created from the intended relay. This “Rio” file can be imported by using the “Import from File” icon
and after that you can save the relay information. By selecting “Advanced” from the “View” menu, a new
row is added to this toolbar page
so you can add or delete new blocks or parameters manually if you decide to do that. / /
INTRODUCING “XRIO” The first matter that should be discussed in the “XRIO” part of the instruction
is the reason for turning to these files. The first reason was that “RIO” files did not have a specific
set of standards for coding. For example,
if from the list of “RIO” files of the relays on the “Load XRio and Rio File From list” page which is
provided in the software, the and files are opened in the notepad, you can see that these two files have
different coding and there is
no specific standard to them. The second reason was that when an "RIO" file was loaded, only "RIO"
information was available. "RIO" information is that into which all relay settings can be compiled. For
example, when “Distance” characteristic
of the “Micom” relay is translated and the characteristic curve is formed, there is some information
that is not inserted into the software. For example, it is possible that it exists in the relay of
“power swing blocking” function but
its information is not inserted into the “RIO” because, basically, it is not possible to do so. The
third reason was that specification changes of the relay were not the same in relay and the software. It
means that, if the user made a
change to the translated “RIO” which was a known format, it is not clear that which settings needed to
change in the relay so that it could follow the curve of specified characteristics. The fourth reason
was that if a parameter was changed
from the setting of the relay, it was necessary to get those settings, again, from the “RIO” relay and
this file had to be loaded and translated in the software so that the relay and software settings were
exactly the same. The second
important matter which is related to “XRio” is that the user needs to know the components of an “XRio”
file and what happens when it is loaded in the Vebko software. To explain this a little further, a
“XRio” file is loaded from the “Micom
p441” relay. You can see that the first thing that happens is that a “SCRIPT FUNCTION” and a tree
diagram of the settings are formed in this section of the software. In the end, the “RIO” which is a
translated version of the relay characteristics
is completed. We will discuss more the concept of “XRIO” and its components in future videos. /
XRIO CONVERTER FILE To further study the “XRio Converter” file, by clicking on “Import from list”
icon on the “Load XRio Converter and Rio file from list” page, an “XRio Converter” file related to the
“AREVA MiCOM P441” is loaded. After the
“XRio Converter” file is loaded, it is possible to export this file from the software separately. To do
this, by clicking on “File” menu, you can export the “XRio Converter” file in forms of with or without
formula. In this part, for a
better understanding, first, export the “XRio Converter” file without formula by using the “Export
without formula….” option. / Then, the same “XRio Converter” file is loaded in the software without
formula. By opening the “XRio Converter”
file in notepad++, you can see that this file is written in “xml” format. In the subset of "XRio", the
version and language of the file are defined. It is then observed that the "XRio Converter" file without
formula consists of two main
parts of "Rio Converter" and "Rio Type". / By opening the “Rio Converter” section, you can see that this
section consists of another section named “Properties” where information about date and time are
mentioned. In fact, the style of
this type of coding is “xml” where each section opens and closes with a tag. For example, “XRio” tag is
opened here and again closed in the end and the “/” sign indicates its closure. also, it is possible to
open or close the “Rio Converter”
tag by clicking on the square next to it. The “ScriptReference” tag is opened and closed in the same
line because there is a “/” sign in the end. The second part which is the “Rio Type” tag, contains fixed
information of the relay and
is the same “Rio” file as described before. / By opening this tab, it is observed that the “Rio” tag
consists of “DEVICE”, “DISTANCE”, “OVERCURRENT”, “CBCONFIGURATION” blocks which are originated from the
relay specifications. These blocks
are the “xml” model of the “Rio” file which is included in the “XRio Converter” file. As it is written,
the “Rio” tag is of the “Block” kind. By opening this block it is observed that the “Rio” block consists
of other blocks. By opening
this block it is observed that inside this block there is a “DEVICEMODEL” which is of the “Parameter”
kind. This means that this block has a “value” of “P441 P442 P444”. Likewise, there are other parameters
including “MANUFACTURER”, “DEVICETYPE”,
etc. in the “NAMEPLATE” block. / / This information can be observed in the “Vebko AMPro Test” software
after entering the “XRio Converter” file. The information related to “XRio Converter” file is available
in the “Test Object” window.
In the tree diagram of this section is the “XRio Converter” block and its subsets -similar to the “Rio”
Block-. Likewise, the “Device” block and its subsets are -similar to the “Name Plate” block-. In the
“Name Plate” block the parameters
mentioned in “XRio” are entered in the table. For example, the “DEVICE MODEL” parameter which has the
value of “P441 P442 P444”, is displayed in the “Value” column of this table. As another example, in the
“Rio” block in the “XRio Converter”
file and in the path of “DISTANCE” and “PROTECTEDOBJECT” blocks, it is observed that the value of “LINE”
is entered for “PT connection” with “ID”:”PTCONN”. / If you follow the same path in the “Test Object”
window in the “Vebko AMPro Test”
software, namely the “Distance” directory in the “Rio” block, you can see in the “Protected Object”
table that for a parameter with “ID” :”PTCONN” in the “Value” column, “at line” is entered while in the
“XRio Converter” file, “Line” was
entered as the value. The reason for the difference in values of the“Vebko AMPro Test” software and the
“XRio Converter” file is that the codes written in the “Rio” section, receive the values from “XRio” and
then enter the corresponding
values for different parameters in accordance with design of the codes, which is here “Line” for a
parameter with “ID”:”PTCONN” in the “XRio” corresponds to “at line” in “Rio”. / In “Vebko AMPro Test”
software, there are columns like “Name”,
“Description”, etc. for each parameter which provides the user with information about the intended
parameter and there may be no code for these sections in the “XRio Converter” file. Initialization of
these columns in the "Rio" is in the
way that according to the code written by the programer, wherever in the "ID" column the phrase "PTCONN"
is written, its name is "PT Connection" and "Potential transformer connection side" is entered as
described in the "Description" column
for it. Also, the programer coded other columns like “Type” has mentioned it in the code to be displayed
in the “Rio” section. For the mentioned parameter it is “Enumeration” which means that it is selective
and the user can select a value
from the drop-down field in the “Value” column. / It should be noted that for every piece of information
in the “Custom” part which is not fixed, its code must be written in “XRio”. This will be more explained
in future videos. Another
point is that the “User Interface” mode is included in “Rio” section. This means that by double-clicking
on any block of the subsets of “Rio”, for example, “Device” block, the “Device Setting” page opens where
all parameters of the subset
of this block can be observed and changed. These changes are, simultaneously, recorded in parameters
table as well. But, if you double-click on any block other than “Rio”, a series of information about
“ID” of the block as well as its
name are displayed.
XRIO CONVERTER, PART2 After identifying the problems with “RIO” files, “OMICRON” company decided to
implement a new idea. According to this idea, a file format named “XRIO” was created in which a section
named “Relay parameter section” was
designed for every relay and all relay menus were arranged and addressed exactly the same way as in the
relay software. / Another section of this file is “Additional information” which includes that necessary
information which is not available
in the relay software and should be read from its catalogue. For example, if you click on “General
information” tree diagram on “General” block, you can see that “AREVA” is recorded as the “Manufacturer”
which is not available in the relay
menu but is necessary to complete the device information. / / The important point in getting familiar
with “XRio” is that you should know how “XRio” blocks are defined. For example, in “Relay Parameter
Section” tree diagram and in the
“SYSTEM DATA” block, the “Language” parameter is of “Enumeration” type and its value is defined as
“English”. Now, if the “XRio” file of this relay is opened in “Notepad++”, after opening the “Custom”
tag, you can see the “Setting” block,
“ID_00” block and parameter with “id=ID_0001”. The “Name”, “ForeignId” and “DataType” of this parameter
are “Language”, “0001” and “Enumeration” respectively. In the “EnumList” tag, you can see that, four
languages including English, French,
German and Spanish are available as “Value” for this section and in this case “English” has been
selected. / / Now, if you return to the “Vebko AMPro Test” software, you can see the exact same
information in the “Test Object” section.
This means that by double-clicking on “Relay Parameter Section” in the tree diagram you can see that its
“ID” is defined as “SETTINGS”; then by double-clicking on the “System Data” block you can see that its
“ForeginID” is defined as “ID_00”.
In its parameters table, you can see that “Enumeration” is defined as “Type” for the parameters named
“Language” and “ForeignID:0001”. Also, in the “Value” field there are four languages of English, French,
German and Spanish available
where “English” is selected by default in accordance with the displayed codes. / After an “XRio” file is
loaded, the necessary settings and information of the “Rio” section are completed accordingly and the
cells whose information is dependent
on a formula or parameter from the “XRio” file, are turned purple. For example, the value of nominal
frequency in the “Nominal Values” block is defined according to a formula from the “Formula” column and
if this value is modified manually,
the color of the cell changes to pink which means that there is no more a connection between the value
of this cell and the formula defined for it. To make the value of this cell again dependent on the
formula, right-click on it and select
"Recalculate formula". / To find out about that how the nominal frequency with purple color is defined,
first, you should select it and then click on the “Reference Map” icon to view a map of the parameters
to which the frequency is dependent.
By clicking on any of the boxes in this section, the parameter that affects the final value of the
frequency is displayed which, in here, the frequency is taken from “Fnom”. The value of “Fnom” parameter
is, itself, based on a formula
and is dependent on another parameter which by clicking on the “Map” box, you can see that a parameter
named “Frequency” is used. This means that, since “50” is set as the value for “Nominal Values”, the
value for “Fnom” is, according
to its formula, “50” too and finally the amount of nominal frequency in “Nominal Values”, according to
the defined relation, is “50” Hz. / Now, if you open the “XRio” file in “Notepad++”, you can view the
path that was used to find the
affective parameters in the software in the codes of this file. Follow the path “Rio-Device-Nominal
Value” in the codes of this file until you find “Fnom”. You can see that this parameter has a value of
“50” but has a “ValueRefList” whose
affective parameters are in the mentioned “Reference”. To find this parameter, you need to follow the
mentioned path which is “CUSTOM.RIOPLUS.POWERSYSTEMPARAMETERS.FNOM”. You can see that type, value, unit
and formula of this parameter
are mentioned in this path. It is mentioned in the formula of this section that if “ID_0009=FIFTY”, the
value for this parameter is 50, otherwise it equals 60. It is also necessary to define the two phrases
“ID_0009” and “FIFTY”. To view
the definition of these two phrases, you need to open the “ValueRefList” tag. You can see that there is
a “Value reference list” mentioned for each of these phrases. For “ID_0009” you should follow the path
“CUSTOM.SETTINGS.ID_00” and
find the value of “ID_0009”. In this case, you can see that this parameter is named “Frequency” and its
“ForeginID:0009” and is of the “Enumeration” type. Also, in the “EnumList” tag, “50” Hz is defined for
“FIFTY” while “60” Hz is defined
for “SIXTY”. / The explained case is a very simple example of defining parameters values of a relay for
test. An another example, it is possible to select and open the “ZONE P GROUND” block from the tree
diagram of the distance block and
then click on “M3” to view its parameters in the table. If the “Reference Map” of the “Angle” parameter
is opened, you can see that this parameter is dependent on many other parameters. By clicking on any of
the available boxes in this
“Reference Map”, the given parameter for address is displayed.
COMPLEMENTARY EXPLANATION ABOUT “XRIO CONVERTER” In previous sections, some explanations about “XRio
converter” and ways of addressing parameters were provided. According to what have been said, “XRio” has
a series of “Xml” codes as well as
various parts such as “Script”, “Custom” and “Rio”. In “Custom”, all the information that is included in
a tree diagram of the software is defined in “XRio Converter”. “Script” includes intermediate functions
by using which it is easier
to create or define blocks and parameters of “Custom”. “Rio” block, mostly, contains specific fixed
parts some of which such as “Name” and “Description” do not exist in the codes of “XRio Converter” and
are added to the “Vebko AmPro Test”
software separately. As has already been said, if the cell color of any parameter is purple, it means
that the value of this parameter is obtained by using from a formula and is related to some other
parameters. To investigate the relationship
between parameters and the influence of each parameter on other parameters, open its “Reference map”.
For a more thorough examination of “Reference map”, if you select “Frequency” parameter from “System
Data” block and then open its “Reference
map”, by selecting “Reference End To this Node” radio button, you can see that this parameter affects
two other parameters. You can see those parameters by clicking on any of the boxes in which your
intended parameter’s address is mentioned.
/ As another example, if you click on “DISTANCE ELEMENT” from “SETTING GROUP” tree diagram and open
“Reference map” after selecting “Zp” parameter, you can see that this parameter has influence on so many
other parameters in the settings
of this relay and by changing this parameter, the related ones change too. On this page, in addition to
observing the relationship between parameters based on value, it is possible to specify that based on
what parameter is each block
or parameter active or inactive. For example, by selecting “AUTORECLOSE” block and opening its
“Reference map”, you can see that this block’s activeness is related to “Internal A/R” parameter but
because “Disabled” mode is selected in
the “Value” column, this block is inactive as well. / As another example, if you select “Dead time2”
parameter from “AUTORECLOSE” and select “Enable” radio button from “Reference map”, you can see that
this parameter’s activeness is related
to the four other parameters displayed on the map of this page ”Reference map”. /
XRIO AND XRIO CONVERTER After getting familiar with “XRio Converter”, it is necessary to, also, get
familiar with the concept of “Name”, “ID”, “Foregin ID” and “Description”. ”ID” Definition: The relay
producer companies define a unique “ID”
for every parameter and in all relays of a brand, this ‘ID” is used for a specific parameter; for
example, in the “7UT613” Siemens relay, “ID=21015” is related to the “PROT.OBJECT” parameter. This “ID”
is used in other relays produced
by this company for the same parameter. Also, in connecting to the relay via Modbus protocol, if this
“ID” is sent to the relay as a “Packet”, the relay will return the parameter value related to the sent
“ID”. / ”Foreign ID”: Unlike “ID”
which is used as a standard for identification of the same parameters in relays produced by a company,
“Foreign ID” is used as a means of differentiation between parameters of different relays which allows
them to be used in other software’s.
As an example, in “7UT613” relay of Siemens, there is a parameter named “PROT.OBJECT” defined with
“ID=21015” and “Foreign ID=0105”. If the user intends to enter and analyze some models of relays
produced by different companies in a software
like “Digsilent”. / The interesting point is that in some relays such as Siemens, the “ID” and “Foreign
ID” are different while in some other relays such as “P441”, after loading its file in the “Load XRio
and Rio file from list” page,
it can be seen that the “ID” and “Foreign ID” are the same. Also, in “Name” and “Description” sections
there is information, provided by the producer company, about name of the parameter as well as some
description about that parameter.
/ An introduction to “XRio” and its difference with “XRio Converter”: By clicking on the “Import from
list” icon on the “Load XRio and Rio file from list” page, “XRio Converter” of a relay is selected where
the information regarding the
relay is complete in the “Custom” and “Rio” sections. It should be noted that it is not possible to
extract the “XRio Converter” file from a relay because producer companies do not put the file in their
relays. In fact, the relay producer
companies never limit their relays to a single tester device such as “Omicron”. / / Therefore, instead
of the “XRio Converter” file, the relay producer companies provide a file with “.CSV” or “.text” format
in which information of the
“Custom” section along with the values set to the relay can be found. Upon extensive use of “XRio” which
has been created by “Omicron” company, most relay producers decided to provide their users with “XRio”
output files of their relays
too. You should consider that this file is not the same as the “XRio Converter” file which is designed
and written by producers of the tester device and is available in the tester software. The “XRio” file
of the relay contains “Custom”
section as well as “Relay Parameter Section” and “Additional Information” blocks with the information
and values set to the relay, but it does not contain “Rio Plus” and “Template Controller” sections. If,
in the tester software, the “XRio
Converter” file is selected correctly, after loading the “XRio” file of the relay in the “XRio
Converter”, the settings and necessary information of the relay are completely imported to the “Rio”
section. / Some more points regarding “XRio”
and “XRio Converter” should be mentioned: The first point is that if the “XRio” file of the “7SA522”
relay is opened in “notepad++”, by opening the “Rio Converter” tag it can be seen that unlike “XRio
Converter”, there are no “Script References”
functions in this section. Einige weitere Punkte zu „XRio“ und „XRio Converter“ sollen noch erwähnt
warden: / The second point is that in the “Custom” tag, only information regarding “Setting” block is
available which is the same as “Relay
Parameter Section” in the software and in some relays such as “7SA522”, the information regarding
“Additional Parameter” is also available which is the same as “Additional Information” in the software.
Also, the information regarding “Device”
block has been made available in the “Rio” section by a producer of the relay. / / / The third point is
that if the “XRio” file of a relay is selected and loaded by clicking on “Import from file” and without
“XRio Converter”, it can be
seen that the mentioned sections are available in the “XRio” section of the software but because of not
using the “XRio Converter”, the values of “RIO” section are not linked with the “XRio” information and
only the “DEVICE” section has
been completed according to the information of the “XRIO” file. / The last point is that if the “XRio”
file of a differential relay such as “7UT613” is loaded in a universal room such as the sequencer room,
in the “Rio” section, the blocks
other than those completed according to the settings of the relay and information of the loaded “XRio”
by “XRio Converter”, like “Distance” block which are entered to the software by the designer of the
tester are empty of information
because in the “XRio” file of the relay there is no information about them.
XRIO & RELAY SETTING IN THE SOFTWARE After getting familiar with “XRio” file that is provided by the
relay as an output, it is necessary to get familiar with other sections of this file. First, open the
“XRio” file of the “7SA522” Siemens
relay with “notepad++”. In this file, the relay provides the user with the information regarding the
“Setting” as well as the values that are “Set” to the relay. As it has been said before, in this file,
unlike “XRio Converter”, there
are no “Script References” functions in “Rio Converter” tag. / The information related to “Relay
Parameter Section” block with “ID=Setting” can be found in the “Custom” tag while the relay parameter
information is available in its subcategories.
For example, you can find “ID=PID_16611”, “Description=Setting Group Change Option”, “Foreign ID= 0103”,
“Data Type= Enumeration” and “Enum List” in the parameter with “Name= Grp Chge OPTION”. Moreover, the
information regarding “Device”
block is mentioned in the “Rio” section. / Entering relay information in the software: Before loading
the “7SA522” relay settings in “Vebko AMvPro Test” software, it is necessary, the “XRio Converter” file
related to “7SA522” Siemens relay,
which is available in the “Vebko AMPro Test” software, to be loaded. By clicking on “Import from list”
icon, the “Load XRio and Rio file from list” page opens. On this page, in “XRio” mode, the model of
“7SA522” relay is entered in the
“Search” field. Then, its “XRio Converter” should be selected. After this file is loaded, the “XRio”
file of the relay should be entered. To do this, click on “File” menu, then select “Load Relay Setting”.
After that, select “XRio” relay
output format from “Relay Config Type” field. / / In the “Config file path” the path to the “XRio” file
is determined and the “XRio” file is selected. In the “Matching Algorithm” section, the user needs to
specify the type of information
that is to be loaded from the “XRio” file to the “XRio Converter”. If “Equal ID” option is checked and
the other options are unchecked, then, only those parameters of the relay whose “ID” is the same in the
“XRio” and “XRio Converter”
files are loaded in the software. By clicking on “OK”, a message is displayed. In this message, the
phrase “Parameter Values Imported” shows the number of parameters that are loaded in the software and
their “ID” is the same as the “XRio
Converter”. / Also, the “Different Names” phrase shows the number of loaded parameters that have the
same “ID” but whose “Name” is not the same in “XRio” and “XRio Converter” files. The phrase “Corrected
Names” shows the number of parameters
whose “Name”, being different, is corrected by the software in accordance with the “XRio Converter”. The
phrase “Errors” shows the number of erred parameters. The error can have various reasons; for example,
the “Type” of a “Text” parameter
can be specified as “String” in the “XRio Converter”. The phrase “Corrected Errors” shows the number of
parameters whose error is corrected according to the “XRio Converter”. The phrase “Duplicate IDs” shows
the number of parameters that
have the same “ID” or “Foreign ID” in “XRio Converter” or “XRio” file. In such a case, Vebko software
does not load the values of these parameters. / After clicking on “OK”, the relay information is loaded
in the “XRio Converter”. After
the relay information is loaded, the parameters entered on the left side are displayed in “Relay Config
Log” field at the bottom of “Test Object” page while “xml” format of the “XRio” file is displayed on the
right side. For example, the
“Grp Chge OPTION” parameter is loaded in the software with no problem or the name of “RG/RLZ1” parameter
in “XRio” file is different from its name in “Xrio Converter” file. / / Load Relay Setting Page: By
reopening “Load Relay Setting”
window, after determining the format of the relay file and selecting the path of “XRio” file, by
clicking on “Advanced View” option, a window with the same name opens. Tree diagrams and the “xml”
format of these two files are located at
the top and bottom of this page, respectively, in a way that the “XRio” file of the relay can be seen on
the right while the “XRio Converter” file can be seen on the left. If “Show XML documents” option is
checked, these two files are,
also, displayed as “xml”. For example, in the “XRio” file of the relay in “CUSTOM” block, the “Grp Chge
OPTION” has “ID=PID_16611”. This parameter has the same “ID” in “CUSTOM” block in the “Xrio Converter”
file of the software. As another
example, a parameter in “XRio” file with “Id=PDI_25555” is named “50N – B1 instBl” while in “Xrio
Converter” file the same “ID” is named “50N-B1 Pil/Bl”. This is why this parameter is placed in
“Different Names” category. / / In “Matching
Algorithm” part of the “Load Relay Setting” window, if the “Equal Foreign ID” option is checked, the
parameters whose “Foreign ID” is the same in both “XRio” and “XRio Converter” files of the relay, are
loaded. If the “XRio Contains Setting
Foreign ID” and “Setting Contains XRio Foreign ID” options are checked, the parameters whose “Foreign
ID” in “XRio” file includes some additional parameters, such as a letter or a half-space, are loaded and
vice versa. For example, a parameter’s
“Foreign ID= 109A” in XRio file while the same parameter’s “Foreign ID= 109A-B” in “XRio Converter”
file. If the “XRio Contains Setting Foreign ID” option is checked, this parameter is loaded in the
software and vice versa. / The “Equal
Code of Foreign ID PCM600” option is for “ABB” relays. There is no connection between the “Foreign ID”
of relay’s “XRio” and “XRio Converter” file in “XRio” file of these relays but in some conditions, the
“Foreign”s in the “XRio” file
of the relay and “XRio Converter” file are connected. For example, on the “Test Object” page, by
clicking on “Import from file”, first, an “XRio Converter” related to the “ABB REL 65f0” is loaded;
then, by clicking on “File” menu and selecting
“Load Relay Setting” option, the “XRio” file related to this relay is selected. Also, in the “Matching
Algorithm” tab, only the “Equal Code of Foreign ID PCM600” option is checked. By opening the “Advanced
View” page, both files are displayed
as “xml”. / As an example, a parameter named “BIM_3” with a specific “Foreign ID” is selected in the
“XRio Converter” file while this parameter has a different “Foreign ID” in the “XRio” file of the relay.
But it is seen that a part of
the “Foreign ID” is the same in both files which means that the eight first characters and then the four
second, third and fourth characters and the twelve fifth characters should be the same in the “Foreign
ID” of both files so that this
parameter is loaded in the “XRio Converter”. Then, by clicking on “OK”, it is seen that “2179”
parameters are loaded in the “XRio Converter”. / /
XRIO CONVERTER FORMULA WRITING To write the “XRio Converter” file, it is necessary to get familiar
with some concepts. To begin, load “XRio Converter” of “7SJ62” relay in “Test Object” window. By
clicking on “50” block in the path of “50/51
Overcur”, “Setting Group A” and “Relay Parameter Section” on tree diagram of the “XRio Converter” file,
parameters of the “50” block are displayed. / Description of a block’s specifications: By
double-clicking on “50” block, the “Rio Parameter
Viewer” window opens; you can find “ID”, “Name” and “Description” of a block in “General Settings”
section. Also, it is possible to specify a “Comment” and “Foreign ID” in every block. In the “Enabled”
section you can see whether a block
is enabled and if it’s dependent on a formula. By clicking on “…” option, “XRio Formula Editor” window
opens. / On the right of this window, a formula is written for this block. “References” section includes
“Ref. Enums” and “Ref. Params”
sections and whether the “50” block is enabled depends on parameters and the “Enumerations” added in
this section. To add a parameter, click on “+” option and select a parameter from the “XRio” tree
diagram on the “Add Ref. Param” window;
its details are displayed in the “Details” section. Details include “Name”, “ID”, “Description”,
“Value”, “Data Type”, RefParam Name” and “RefEnum Name”. “Ref Enums” of this parameter are displayed in
the form of a tree diagram at the
bottom of the page. / / By clicking on “Add RefParam” and “Add RefEnum” options respectively, the
selected parameter and its “RefEnum” are added to the “References” section. After adding the parameters
to the “References” section, the
formula should be entered on the right side by using the “ID” of the added parameters. Also, you can use
the toolbar available on this page to write the formula. In the “Result” section, the final formula
along with the type of acceptable
data and the result of this formula are displayed. After writing the formula, you should click on “Test”
option. If the formula is written correctly, a notification “Test was successful” is displayed. / /
Description of a parameter’s specifications:
If you double-click on one of the parameters from the “State” column, for example, “50-3 PICKUP”
parameter, the “Rio Parameter Viewer” window opens. In the “General Setting” section, just like the
“Block” section’s description, the same
info, such as “Foreign ID” and “ID” are displayed but this time for a parameter. The difference is that
this time there are “Value Properties” and “Display Properties” sections as well. In the “Value
Properties” section, the value of a
parameter, as well as its type and maximum / minimum allowed values are mentioned. Also, it is possible
to depend on the value of a parameter on another parameter by using the formula. / / In this case, its
formula is displayed in the
“Formula” field which is exactly similar to the “Block” section. If the value of a parameter depends on
another parameter, its cell is purple. In “Display Properties” section, the settings related to how the
value of a parameter is displayed
are set. In the “Unit” field, the unit of the parameter and in the “Digits after decimal” field, the
number of decimals displayed the “Value” field is specified. In the “Multiplier” field, it is possible
to specify a coefficient for unit
of the parameters. For example, if unit A is specified, by selecting coefficient K, this parameter is
displayed in kilo amperes. /
WRITING “XRIO CONVERTER” FOR AN OVERCURRENT RELAY To write an “XRio Converter” file in the “Test
Object” page, first, you need to add a block. To begin, right-click on “Custom” block and select “Add
Block”. Also, you can use “Ctrl+B” Combined
key to add a block. Likewise, another block is added to the subset of “Custom” block. / Then, the blocks
should be named; to rename the blocks, right-click on “Custom” block and select “Rename Block”. “7sj62”
is selected as the name for
this block which is an example of an Over current relay. It should be noted that you can also use “F2”
shortcut key to rename a block. The blocks “Block1” and “Block2” are named “Relay Parameter Section” and
“Additional Information” respectively
according to the relay menu. / After naming them, you should specify “ID”, “Name”, etc. for each of the
blocks. By double-clicking on “7sj62” block on “Rio Parameter Viewer” page, “ID=CUSTOM” and “Name=7sj62”
are specified. You can also
specify “Description= Custom defined relay parameters”, “Foreign ID” and “Comment” for this block. In
“Enabled” section, by selecting “Enable” it is specified that this block is active enabled. Then, click
on “OK” to save the changes.
Likewise, double-click on “Relay Parameter Section” and specify “ID=SETTING”. Also, for the “Additional
Information” block, specify “ID=ADD_PARAM”. It should be noted that only capital letters are accepted as
“ID” and it is not possible
to use characters such as “”, “{}”, “/” etc. the only allowed character is “_”. / Next, the “Relay
Parameter Section” block is selected and three more blocks are added to its subset. The first block is
named “Device Config” and by double-clicking
on it, “ID=DC” short for Device Config. is specified. To add a parameter to this block, right-click on
it and select “Add Parameter”; then select the parameter type from the options available in the
“Enumeration” on the “Parameter Type”
window. Then, the list of “Enumerations” of this parameter is specified on the “Edit Enumeration Items”
window and for each “Enumeration”, “IDstring” and “Valuestring” is entered. For example, the first
“Enumeration” with “ID=TXT_1_101”
and “Value=Disabled”, the second “Enumeration” with “ID=TXT_2_101” and “Value=Definite Time” and the
third “Enumeration” with “ID=TXT_1_101” and “Value=Time Overcurrent” are specified. By clicking on “OK”,
this parameter is added to the
box on the right side and a “Name” and an “ID” should be specified for it. By double-clicking on “State”
column, “Rio Parameter Viewer” window opens and “ID=OC_101”, “Name=50/51” and “Description=Time
Overcurrent” are specified for the
parameter. / / / Next, rename the second block to “Power System Data” and by double-clicking on it,
specify “ID=PS” short for Power System. Then, add another block named “CT’s” with “ID=CT” to the subset
of this block. Now, add a “Real”
type parameter to this block. “Real” type is used for parameters with numerical value. By
double-clicking on “State” column, on this window, specify “ID=CT_PRIMARY”, “Name=CT PRIMARY”,
“Value=300”, “Min Value=10”, “Max Value=5000” and
“Unit=A” for the parameter. This time add an “Enumeration” type parameter and specify two “Enumerations”
with “ID=TXT_1_201”, “Value=1A”, “ID=TXT_2_201” and “Value=5A”. Then, by double-clicking on “State”
column, specify “ID=CT_SEC” and
“Name=CT Secondary”. / / Now, to proceed, press “F2” button and rename the third block to “Setting
Group” and by double-clicking on it, specify “ID=SG” short for Setting Group. By using “Ctrl+B”
combination key, add another block to the
subset of this block and name It “50/51”; then double-click on it and specify “ID=ID_50_51” for this
block. Add two more blocks with the names of “50” and “51” to the subset of this block and specify
“ID=ID_50” and “ID=ID_51” for them
respectively. / In the “50” block which includes the function “50”, add “Time Delay 50” and “Pickup 50”
parameters according to the aforementioned information. As an example, for “Pickup 50” parameter,
information such as “ID=PICKUP_50”
and “Name=Pickup 50” are specified on “Rio Parameter Viewer” window. / Likewise, add two parameters to
block “51”. After adding these two parameters with names of “Pickup 51” and “Time Dial 51”, you should
add another parameter in which
curve function “51” is specified. This parameter is of “Enumeration” type with two “Enumerations” and
with “ID=TXT_1_51”, “Value=Normal Inverse”, “ID=TXT_2_51” and “Value=Very Inverse”. Then, double-click
on “State” column and specify
“ID=CURVE_51” and “Name=IEC_Curve”. / / Add a block named “Relay Information” with “ID=RI” short for
Relay Information to the subset of “Additional Parameter” block. In this new block, information such as
time and current tolerances are
entered which are specified according to the manual of the relay. To do this, press “Ctrl+P”, select a
“Real” type parameter and specify “ID=I_TOL_ABS1” and “Name=I Tolerance abs” for this parameter and then
according to the manual of
the relay, specify “10mA” as its “Value”. Add more parameters to this block with names of “Operate
Time”, “t-Tolerance rel”, t-Tolerance abs”, “I-Tolerance abs5” and “I-Tolerance rel5”. The information
related to these parameters is mentioned
on each line. So far, the information about “Relay Parameter Section” and “Additional Information” for
the overcurrent function is provided simply and briefly. Also, the structure of “XRio Converter” is
completely covered. Now, whether
these blocks are enabled should be determined. / /
WRITING FORMULA FOR THE “XRIO CONVERTER” 3 So far, “Relay Parameter Section” and “Additional
Information” for an Overcurrent function have been explained simply and briefly; also we have completely
covered the structure of “XRio Converter”
menu. Now we should talk about determining whether these blocks and parameters are enabled. / Enabling
and disabling blocks: “50/51” block is located under the subcategory of “Setting Group”. To associate
the enabling of “50/51” block
to the parameter measure of “50/51” in the “Device Config” block, double-click on “50/51” block and
select “Formula” in “Enabled” section. Then, click on “…” icon to open “XRio Formula Editor” window. The
parameter with which the enabling
of “50/51” block is associated should be entered in “References” section. / To enter the intended
parameter, click on “+” to open “Add Ref.Param” window. From the box at the top of the page, select
“50/51” parameter from the tree diagram
of “XRio Converter” file in the “Device Config” block. After selecting this parameter, by clicking on
“Add RefParam”, “50/51” parameter is added to the “References” in the “Ref.Params” section.
“Enumerations” of this parameter are listed
at the bottom of the page in the form of a tree diagram. Select your intended “Enumeration” and click on
“Add RefEnum” to add the enumeration to “Ref. Enums” section. “Enumeration=Disabled” with “ID=TXT_1_101”
is selected here. After closing
this window, you can view the path to each parameter in the “Path” column. Paths are displayed by using
the “ID” of each block. For example, “50/51” parameter with “ID=OC_101” is located along the path of
“CUSTOM”, “SETTING” and “ID” blocks.
Also, for writing the formula, “ID” of these parameters is used. / / / In the right box, it is specified
that if there is a parameter with “ID=OC_101” and “Enumeration=Disabled”, “50/51” block should be
enabled. This formula is written
as “NOT OC_101=TXT_1_101”. After clicking on “Test”, if a message saying “Test was successful” is
displayed, the formula is correct and there is no problem. If a tiny change is made to the formula, for
example the “ID” is changed, by clicking
on “Test” a message saying that there is no parameter with “ID=TXT_2_101” will be displayed. Then, by
clicking on “OK” two more messages will be displayed saying that the displayed formula is not correct
and the last message says “Test
was not successful”. By correcting the formula and closing the “XRio Formula Editor” window, you can see
that the status of the block is “False” and this block, displayed with an “X” sign, is disabled. If the
measure of “50/51” parameter
is changed in the “Device Config” block, Value=Definite Time, the “50/51” block is enabled and the “X”
mark is removed. / / / Likewise, it is possible to associate enabling or disabling of other blocks with
one or several parameters. Like
the previous situation, a formula should be written for “50” block. By repeating the previous stages and
selecting “50/51” parameter and “Enumeration=Disabled” with “ID=TXT_1_101”, a formula should be written
for the activeness of this
parameter on the “XRio Formula Editor”. This formula is written as “NOT OC_101=TXT_1_101”. So, whenever
“50/51” block is enable, this block should be enable as well. Click on “Test” to validate the written
formula and in the end click
on “OK”. / For enabling of “51” block, double-click on it and select “Formula”. After opening the “Add
Ref.Param” window, select “50/51 parameter and “Enumerations” of “Disabled” and “Definite Time”. In
fact, “51” block is enabled when
enumerations of “Disabled” and “Definite Time” are not selected. Then, the formula is written as “NOT
OC_101=TXT_1_101_ AND NOT OC_101=TXT_2_101”. Click on “Test” to validate the formula and finally click
on “OK”. If “Definite Time” is
selected as the value of “50/51” parameter in the “Device Config” block, “50/51” and “50” blocks are
enabled while “51” block is disabled. If “Time Overcurrent” is selected as the value of “50/51”
parameter, all three blocks are enabled.
/ / Enabling and disabling parameters: In each block, it is possible to associate Enabling of parameters
with another parameter. For example, in “51” block, “IEC Curve” parameter is enable when “Time
Overcurrent” is selected as the value
of “50/51” parameter. To do this, double-click on “State” column and select “Formula” from the “Enabled”
section. By clicking on “…”icon in the “XRio Formula Editor” window like the previous example, in the
“Add Ref.Param” window “50/51”
parameter and “Enumeration=Time Overcurrent” with “ID=TXT_3_101” are selected and added to the
“References” section. The formula is written as “OC_101=TXT_3_101” at the right side and by clicking on
“Test” the validity of the formula is
examined and the “OK” is selected. If in “Device Config” block, “Time Overcurrent” is selected as the
value of “50/51” parameter, “IEC Curve” parameter is enabled while if “Definite Time” is selected, “IEC
Curve” parameter is disabled.
/ /
WRITING FORMULA FOR “XRIO CONVERTER”4 After completing the information regarding “Relay Parameter
Section” and “Additional Information” sections, it is necessary to-you should- complete information of
the “Rio” section as well. In “Rio” section,
by double-clicking on any block, a window, which includes information about parameters of that block,
opens; this information is also available in the tree diagram of that block. For example, parameters
like “Device Name”, “Manufacturer”,
etc. are located in “Name Plate” block. It is possible to assign a value to these parameters directly or
associate them with parameters from “Custom” section by using formulas. In this video, necessary
parameters for an overcurrent function
are linked to values from the “Custom” section. Note that in writing a formula, the “ID” of each
parameter is used. / Linking parameters of “Rio” section: In this video –the target- our goal is to
complete the information regarding the
“51” function. “In”, “I prim”, etc. parameters are located at the “Nominal Values” section. To link
values of the “In” parameter with the values of “XRio”, it is necessary to define a formula for this
parameter. To do so, after double-clicking
on “State” column, in “Rio Parameter Viewer” window from “Value Properties” section, click on “…” icon
in the “Formula” field to open “XRio Formula Editor” window. On this window, first the intended
parameter CT Secondary should be entered.
To do this, click on “+” and in “Add Ref.Param” window, select “CT Secondary” parameter from the “XRio”
tree diagram. Then, select “Enumeration=1A” and “ID=TXT_1_201” from the box at the bottom of the page to
add them to the “References”
section. -For The “In” parameter when the “CT Secondary” parameter’s “Enumeration=1A” ,the value of the
parameter “In=1A”; otherwise, it should be “5A”. To write this formula, the “If” command is used in a
way that the final formula is
“IIfCT_SEC=TXT_1_201,1,5”. Then, click on “Test” to validate the formula. In the “Result” section,
“Result Value=1A”. Finally, click on “OK” to save the settings. / / / You can see that the color of
“Value” cell of “In” parameter is turned
into purple which means that its value is associated with another parameter based on the formula in the
“Formula” column. Also, by clicking on “Reference map”, you can see that the value of this parameter is
linked to another parameter.
By double-clicking on the box of the parameter, the given address for this parameter CT Secondary is
displayed. If the value of this parameter is changed to “5A”, the value of “In” parameter changes
accordingly. The value of “I prim” parameter
is linked to the value of “CT Primary” parameter in the same way. By following the mentioned steps, “CT
Primary” parameter is added to the “References” section. Because this parameter is of the “Real” type
and lacks “Enumeration”, to write
the formula, only the phrase “CT_PRIMARY” is entered. The written formula means that the “I prim”
parameter will have the same value as the “CT Primary” parameter. / / / / “Overcurrent” block: After
completing “Device” block, information
of the “Overcurrent” block should be completed. By double-clicking on this block, you can see that there
is a series of parameters in “Relay Parameters” and “Elements” tabs which are also available from the
“Overcurrent” tree diagram separately.
Also, in the “General” block, parameters such as “Time Tolerance Relative”, “Time Tolerance Absolute”,
Current Tolerance Relative” and “Current Tolerance Minimum” are available. The information regarding
these parameters is available from
“Relay Information” block in “Custom” section. These parameters should be used in the “Rio” section as
well. It should be noted that the value of “Reference Current” parameter is, by default, linked to the
value of “INOM” parameter in
the “Nominal Values” block. Double-click on the “State” column in “Time Tolerance Relative” parameter
and on “Rio Parameter Viewer” window, click on “…” option. On the “XRio Formula Editor” window in the
“References” section, after clicking
on “+”, “t-Tolerance rel” parameter is added to the “References” section from the “XRio” tree diagram.
Then, the formula is written in form of “TTOLREL”. Next, click on “TEST” and after “Test was successful”
message is displayed, click
on “OK”. A “5%” value is displayed in the “Result Value” section. Likewise, the value of “Time Tolerance
Absolute” and “Current Tolerance Relative” parameters are linked to and associated with the values of
“t-Tolerance abs” and “I-Tolerance
rel” parameters. In the manual of the relay, “Current Tolerance Minimum” parameter is stated as that
there is at least “10mA" and “50mA" current error in “1A” and “5A” nominal currents respectively. To
state this parameter in the software,
the formula should be written as “0.01*Inom”. First, it should be determined whether the nominal current
is “1A” or “5A”. Because the “Current Tolerance Minimum” parameter is stated in accordance with “IREF”,
to write the formula, “CT
Secondary” and “Reference Current” parameters and “Enumeration=1A” with “ID=TXT_1_201” are should be
selected and added to “References” section. Finally, the formula is written as
“0.01*ifCT_SEC=TXT_1_201,1,5/IREF”. / / / / Note that in
the “CT” block, the values of “IPrim” and “ISec” parameters are, by default, linked to the values of
“IPRIM” and “INOM” parameters in “Nominal Values” section. Moreover, the parameters of “VT”, “Neutral
CT” and “Residual VT” blocks are,
by default, linked to the values of “XRio Converter”. The “Timed Overcurrent Element” subcategory in the
“Overcurrent Elements” block gives us information about “50/51” function like “Pickup” current and
operation time. As mentioned before,
in this video, our goal is to complete the information of “51” function. To activate “51” block,
double-click on “OverCurrent” block. Then, in the “Element” tab double click on “Tripping
Characteristic” column and select “IEC Normal Inverse”
curve from the “Manage / Select characteristic” window and then click on “OK”. Then, in the “Operating
Curves” block, you can see that the “51” curve is defined as an “IEC Normal Inverse” and the information
about this curve is displayed
as well. / / /
WRITING FORMULA FOR “XRIO CONVERTER”5 In the previous video, the information regarding “Device”
block and some parts of “Overcurrent” block such as “General”, “CT” and “VT” were completely covered. As
mentioned before, under the “Elements”
tab by double-clicking on “Overcurrent” block, “Normal Inverse” curve is selected for “51” function; the
information related to this curve is located in “Overcurrent Elements” block. Now we are going to
complete the “Overcurrent Elements”
block information. / Enabling a characteristic curve: As you can see, activeness or inactiveness of the
characteristic curves is determined in “Active” column. To link the value of this parameter which is
located in the “Timed Overcurrent
Element” block, by following the mentioned steps in previous videos, in “Add Ref.Param” window in
“Device Config” block, “50/51” parameter with “Enumeration=Time Overcurrent IEC” and “ID=TXT_3_101” is
selected and in “51” block, “IEC Curve”
parameter with “Enumeration=Normal Inverse” with “ID=TXT_1_51” is selected and added to “References”
section. Then, the formula is written as “OC_101=TXT_3_101 AND CURVE_51=TXT_1_51”. To validate the
written formula, click on “Test” and
finally click on “OK”. / / Determining the value of lpickuup.nom: The parameters related to “Ipickup”
current and its tolerances are located in “Pick up Current” block. To link the current value of
“Ipickup” whose value is a coefficient
of “IREF”, double click on “State” column and by clicking on icon “…” in “Value Properties” section,
click on “+” on “XRio Formula Editor” window and select parameter “Pickup 51” from “51” block and
“Reference Current” parameter from “General”
block on the “XRio” tree diagram to add them to “References” section. Then, using the “ID” of added
parameters, the formula is written in the box at the right side as “PICKUP_51/IREF”. The formula is
validated by clicking on “Test”. The
value of “Ipickup.nom” parameter is calculated in accordance with that the value of “Pickup 51=1A” in
“51” block and the value of “CT Secondary=1A” in “CT’S” block. / / / Determining the current tolerances:
To link the value of “Tolerance
Absolute Positive” parameter with “Current Tolerance Minimum” parameter, by following the mentioned
steps from the “XRio” tree diagram, in the “General” and “Overcurrent” blocks from the “Rio” section,
the “Current Tolerance Minimum” parameter
is added to “References” section and the formula is written as “CURRENTTOLABS” in the box at the right
side and then the formula is validated. / Likewise, the values of “Tolerance Absolute Negative",
“Tolerance Relative Positive” and “Tolerance
Relative Negative” parameters are linked with parameters with “ID=CURRENTTOLABS”, “ID=CURRENTTOLREL” and
“ID=CURRENTTOLREL” respectively. The “Tolerance Actual Positive” parameter selects the highest amount of
positive tolerance from “Tolerance
Absolute Positive” and “Tolerance Relative Positive” and based on a percentage of “IREF” puts it in its
“Value” field. So, by following the previous steps and adding “Ref.Params”, the formula is written as
“MaxTOLABSPOS,TOLRELPOS*NOMVAL/100”
and validated. / / “Tolerance Actual Negative” parameter is almost the same as the previous parameter.
The only difference is that it calculates the highest amount of negative tolerance and its formula is
written as “MaxTOLABSNEG,TOLRELNEG*NOMVAL/100”.
Also, for “Test Positive” parameter, the formula is written as “NOMVAL+TOLACTPOS+NOMVAL*TESTTOL/100”.
This parameter shows the maximum total error of the test which may occur because of measurement error of
current transformers, test device,
noise, etc. in “Test Negative” parameter, the formula is written as “NOMVAL – TOLACTNEG –NOMVAL *
TESTTOL / 100” which shows the minimum total error of the test. / Determining trip time and the range of
relay performance: After determining
current tolerances, the information related to “Time Multiplier/Trip Time” block should be completed. In
this block, by following the mentioned steps, the value of “Nom.Time Multiplier” parameter should be
linked with “Time Dial 51” parameter
which is located in “51” block. / According to “IEC” standard, the “Ipickup” current value of relays can
range from “1.1” times to “1.3” times of the nominal current. Based on the manual of this relay, “1.1”
is selected for this relay
which means that the relay must not “Pickup” less than the determined current. This parameter is located
in “Min Operate Current” block with the name of “Nom.Min.Op.Curr” and its value should be linked with
“1.1” times of the nominal current.
So, the formula is written as “1.1*NOMVAL”. According to “IEC” standard, if the injected current is
bigger than “20” times of the nominal current, the relay should give a trip at a “Definite” time. This
parameter is located in “Max Operate
Current” block with the name of “Nom.Max.Op.Curr” but in this video, we skipped entering the information
of this parameter. It should be noted that the activeness of “Range Limits” value should be linked with
another parameter in “Device
Config” block. This parameter is located in “Timed Overcurrent Element” block with the name of “Use
Range Limits”. By repeating the mentioned steps for linking and selecting the “50/51” parameter and
“Enumeration=Time Overcurrent IEC”
with “ID=TXT_3_101”, the formula is written as “OC_101=TXT_3_101” and after testing, the “OK” option is
selected. You can find this parameter in “Elements” tab of “Overcurrent” block. If this option is
enabled, the relay must not “Pickup”
in current values less than “lmin”. / / / Final review: The information regarding the curve is mentioned
in the tree diagram of “Operating Curves” and “Standard Curve” blocks. / You can view the changes made
by double-clicking on “Overcurrent”
block. Under the “Relay Parameters” tab, the tolerance values are derived from the determined formula
and its cell color is turned purple. Also, under the “Elements” tab, the parameters for which a formula
is determined are turned purple.
Then, click on “Ok” so save the settings. You can see that the “Normal Inverse” curve is displayed on
“Overcurrent Characteristic” window. / / / To further examine the validity of written “XRio” file, some
cases are tested as a sample.
To do this, “Disabled” is selected in “Device Config” block and then by double-clicking on “Overcurrent”
block, you can see that the curve has been disabled. Also, by clicking on “Ok”, no curve is displayed on
“Overcurrent Characteristic”
window. / / As another example, the value of “Time Overcurrent IEC” is selected in “Device Config” block
and in “51” block, “Pickup 51=4A" is determined as the current value while “Time Dial 51=0.5” is
determined as time. In the “Overcurrent”
block it is observed that the same changes are made. For example, the minimum current value is
“Ipickup=4.4A”. After clicking on “OK”, the changes are made to “Overcurrent Characteristic” window. / /
/
COMPLEMENTARY EXPLANATIONS OF “DEVICE” SECTION Before talking about the “AMT-Sequencer” room and its
features, because there are items that are related to the “Device Setting” information, it is necessary
to provide some additional information
about this section. At the left of this page, the general information about the relay is entered. This
information includes name of the manufacturer, type of the relay, serial number, installation location
etc. As the type of information
in this section indicates, this information is used merely as report and does not affect the test or its
results. But the information at the right which is partly derived from the relay settings can be used as
a reference for determining
the voltage and current output of the device. / In “Nominal Values” section the information related to
nominal frequency and turn ratio of PT and CT are entered. From the information of this section, the PT
secondary voltage is known as
nominal voltage while the CT secondary voltage is known as nominal current. Note that in “Vprimary” and
“Vsecondary” section, it is possible to enter the ratio of transformation in line to line or phase. In
“Residual Voltage/Current Factor”
section, the coefficients of residual voltage and current for relays where the residual voltage and
current are separated from the input voltage and current are mentioned. These coefficients are used to
calculate VE and IE. In “Limits”
section, the range of maximum output voltage and current of the device are specified and the user can,
according to the type of wiring specified in “Hardware Configuration” section, determine the maximum
output voltage and current of the
device. / In the “Debounce Time” field In “Debounce/Deglitch Filter” section, it is specified that every
3 milliseconds, the device examines the signal transmission from the relay. In “Deglitch Time” section,
it is specified that the transferred
signal from the relay should be retained for 400 microseconds until the reception of signal is detected.
Note that both of these values can range from 200 to 1.5 microseconds. / By using “Save to template”
option, the information entered
in this section is saved in the software as a template and it is possible to load this template by using
the “Load Template” option. The “Import” option is used when the user wishes to use the settings of this
section on another computer
or to be able to recover the settings after cleaning the cache of the software. /
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE SEQUENCER ROOM After getting familiar with “Hardware Configuration” and “Test
Object” pages which are used for configuring the device and entering the relay characteristics, now it
is time to get familiar with the "AMT-Sequencer"
room. As mentioned in previous videos, “AMT-Seque ncer”, is the main room of the software and it is
possible to design, run and evaluate all tests of the relays and equipment from this room. To design any
test, first, it is necessary to
become familiar with the pages as well as features of this room. This room includes all windows,
diagrams and options that a user needs for doing a test. / “Table View” window: different states of
injected signal, analog and digital inputs
and outputs of the device for performing a test are created in this window as tables named “state”. /
“Detail View” window: details related to each “State”, including the type of “State”, status of “Binary
Outputs”, status of all “States”
etc. are located in this window. / “Signal View” window: the overall waveform of the output signal of
the device and “Binaries/Analog”s of inputs and outputs of the device during a test are displayed in
diagrams of this window in accordance
with the settings of every “State”. / “Vector View” window: injected signals of the device in form of
vectors, differentiating between imaginary and real values, main harmonic etc. are displayed on this
window. This window and “Signal
View” window are used to analyze the performance of the relay as well as resolving issues. /
“Measurement View” window: this window is used for time and value assessment of the results of the
performed tests. It is possible to set the
settings of this page before or after performing the test and evaluate the performance of the relay and
the tested equipment. / “Star-condition Repetition” window: this window has three main tabs where it is
possible to specify the conditions
to start the test, repetition time of every test and settings related to the test counter. / “Harmonic
Restraint View” and “Impedance View” windows: these two windows are used to view the impedance,
differential trajectory and “Power Swing”
test. /
“TABLE VIEW” WINDOW The first step in designing a test is to make different states of the test in
“Table View” window. This means that to simulate fault state, it is necessary to inject signal several
stage and receive feedback. Every stage
of the test is showed on this window in form of a table named “state” and each “state” is made of
several components. / To open the “Table View” window, it is possible to use “View” menu or the toolbar
at the top of the page. In the first
part of every “state”, RMS value, phase and frequency of the outputs of the device, which are selected
in “Hardware Configuration” part, are specified. In the first column of this part, the RMS value of the
outputs of the device is specified.
The maximum allowed value is determined in “Limits” section in “Test Object” page. In the second column,
the phase of the output signals of the device is specified which can be between 0 to 360 degrees. Also,
in the third column the frequency
of the output signals of the device are specified which can be between 0 to 1.5 kHz. If DC signal is
needed, the frequency should be specified as 0. / / / / In the “Bin. Out” section, the open/close state
of “Binary Outputs” of the device
is determined in accordance with the user’s wish. In the “Trigger” section, the conditions of “state”
completion are determined which can be based on time, by pressing “space” button by the user and, also,
based on receiving a specified
signal from the relay or a combination of all three of these conditions. It is necessary to consider
these two points: The first point is that in this section, it is possible to activate the related
condition by double-clicking on any
of the icons. To adjust the settings related to the “Inputs” you can do so from “Detail View” window or
simply by checking “Trigger Condition” option. / The second point: these conditions have “OR” logic with
each other. This means that
if several conditions are met, if one of them is true, the current “state” ends. In the next section the
type of “state” is determined which can be selected from the available drop-down list. Note that each of
these types is described
in “Detail View” section. In “Bin. Input” section, the momentarily receival state of signal on every
activated binary inputs is specified. In the “Comment” section, any important note about each “state” is
recorded by the user. Note that
entering information in this section is only possible in “Detail View” page. / Right-click on “Table
View” window RMS value column By right-clicking on any column of the “Table View” window, a list
containing several options opens. Each
of these options is designed for a specific purpose. After right-clicking on the column related to “RMS”
value, by selecting “Nominal Value”, the amount of current and voltage in each cell is changed to
specified nominal values in “Device”
block in “Test Object” page. By selecting “Zero” it is possible to set the cell value to zero. If the
user wishes the voltage or current in all three phases to be equal to the selected cell value, they can
select the “Equal Magnitudes”
option. Also by checking “Link Magnitude” option, the values of all three phases will be linked
together. It should be noted that if two groups of voltage or current are activated from “Hardware
Configuration”, you can see that the three
phases of group A are linked together while the three phases of Group B are linked together. To better
understand this, enter 2amps as the current for one of the phases of group A and enter 4amps as the
current for one of the phases of
group B. / / The “100% Load” option is used for changing the current to nominal value. The “50% Load”
option is used for changing the current to half of the nominal value and the “Unloaded” option is used
for changing the current to zero.
Note that by selecting any of these options, the voltage is changed to the nominal value. If the user
copies the values of voltage and current by right-clicking in “Vector View” window and selecting “Copy
to Clipboard”, by selecting “Paste
From Vector View Clipboard” in “Table View” window they can paste these values in their intended
“state”. Also, by clicking on “L1L2L3-L3L1L2” option, the rotation of the phases as well as their values
will change. / / “Link to XRio” option
enables the user to relate the value of voltage, current, phase or frequency to any desired parameter in
“XRio”. By selecting this option, “Link to XRio” window opens where the desired parameter can be
selected. For example, in the “XRio”
tree diagram in “Rio” section, in “Nominal Value” branch in “Device” block, the “In” parameter is
selected. Also, it is possible to multiply the selected parameter by a specific value or add it to a
specific value which is, finally, displayed
in the box at the bottom. On the top right of this window it is possible to search a parameter. By
checking “Filter by Sender Unit” on the left, all “XRio” parameters which have the same “unit” with the
selected parameter in “Sequencer”
are marked. / After linking the intended voltage, you can see that the selected cell is turned purple
which indicates that this cell is linked with a value from the “XRio”. By selecting “Go to Linked
Value”, it is possible to view that
the selected parameter in “Sequencer” is linked with which parameter in “XRio”. If the user does not
wish the parameter to be linked with “XRio”, it is possible to remove the link by selecting “Remove
Link” option. / Phase column / By
right-clicking on this column and selecting “Line Angle”, the angles of the selected voltage or current
will equal with angle value of transmission line. It is possible to view and adjust this value in
“Distance” block in “Test Object”
page. By selecting “Zero”, it is possible to set the selected voltage or current to zero. If the user
wishes to have the minimum amount of received current in the beginning of voltage injection, by
selecting "90°" option, the phase of
the injected voltage is set to 90 degrees. Balance Angle” option is selected for each cell, the related
signal is selected as the reference signal and other phases are set at a degree with a 120 degrees,
degree of difference with the reference
signal. The “Reverse Rotation” option does the same in counterclockwise. This means that if this option
is selected for a cell, regardless of its phase value, -120 degrees is Added to the next phase,
respectively. By clicking on “Link
angles Equals”, the angles of all three phases are equated and if one of them is changed, the others
change accordingly. Also, the “Link angles Balance” option causes that if one of the phases is changed,
the others change with a 120 degree
difference. “Frequency” Column By selecting the “Nominal Value” from the options available for this
column, the frequency value in each cell is changed to its nominal value in the “Device” block in the
“Test Object” page. By selecting
“DC”, the frequency is changed to zero and it is possible to produce “DC” signal. / If the user wishes
all the frequency values to be equal, the “Equal Frequency” option can be used. By selecting this option
for any cell, the frequency
of other signals is set equal to the selected cell."Link Frequency" links all values of the frequencies
with each other. This means that if one of the frequencies is changed, the other frequencies change the
same amount as well and all
the signals will always have the same frequency. If you need signals with different frequencies, you
should uncheck this option. Decaying signal If you wish to create “DC” decaying signal, after setting
the frequency to zero, it is possible
to enter the time constant in the phase column. As you know, the relation of a decaying signal is
written as “A*e^-t*T”. In this relation “A” is amplitude while “T” is the opposite of time constant.
This means that the number you enter
is the “T”. / /.
THE SEPARATE TOOLBAR OF “TABLE VIEW” WINDOW By double-clicking on any window in the software it is
possible to maximize it and by repeating the double-click it is possible to restore the previous state.
The separate toolbar of the “Table View”
window is located in the second row at the top of the “Vebko AMPro” software in the “Sequencer” room. By
using the “New State” option, it is possible to create a new “State”. This “State” will be placed after
the last created “State”.
This is equal to the “Append” option available by right-clicking anywhere at the top of any “State”.
When there are multiple “States”, it is possible to make the intended “State” smaller by double-clicking
on it or clicking on the cog
icon and selecting “Small Mode”. / / / / By using the “Delete State” option, it is possible to delete a
“State”. This option contains “Selected State” and “Unselected State”. As you can see, there is a small
square at the top of every
“State”. By checking this square, you can select this “State”. If when deleting a “State”, “Selected
State” option is selected, all of the states whose “Square” has been checked will be deleted. If
“Unselected State” is selected, all “States”
whose square has not been checked will be deleted. You can view this option by right-clicking on the
ribbon at the top of any “State” and selecting the “Delete” option. Moreover, by selecting a “State” and
right-clicking on it and then
selecting “Delete” or “Delete State” option from the toolbar, it is possible to delete that “State”. / /
/ If the user wishes to add a “State” and place this new “State” in a specific order, they can use
“Insert Before” and “Insert After”
options. In this case, the user clicks on a “State” and then selects “Insert Before” to add a new
“State” with similar information before the current “State”. By clicking on a “State” for the second
time, the user can place the new “State”
after the current “State” by selecting “Insert After”. It is, also, possible to view these options by
right-clicking on any “State”. To create an impedance shot in the “Sequencer” room, “Insert Z Shot”
option can be used. By selecting
this option, a window named “Insert Impedance Shot” opens where you can adjust the value of the
parameters. In “Line Parameters” section, impedance of the line as well as its angle can be specified.
To change these values, you should go
to the “TestObject” page in the “Distance” block. In “Fault Parameters”, the error information is
specified. The type of the error, the location of the error in form of a relation of length of the line
and the error current are specified
in “Fault Type” section, “Location” and “Itest” section respectively. / / In “Time Setting” section, the
time related to “Prefault”, “Maxfault” and “Postfault” “States” and also the delay time of the circuit
breaker operation is specified.
This value should be adjusted from the “CBConfiguration” block in “TestOject” page. In
“Trigger/Measurement” section, the reception contact of “Trip” signal is specified and in the slide bar
of that section, the active binaries of the
device are displayed. You can see that only the binary number one is active here. Also, in “Tnom”,
“Tdev+” and “Tdev-“section, it is possible to adjust the nominal time for reception of “Trip” with the
values of positive and negative tolerance
for evaluation of the test in the “Measurement View” window. By selecting the "Insert Z Shot" option,
three "States" are created consecutively after the current "State” with the names of "Prefault",
"Maxfault" or "L1L2L3, 100%" and "Postfault". This
can be done, also, by right-clicking on any of the “States” and selecting “Insert Z Shot”. / The
“Default State” option in the right-click menu of “States” returns all values of “States” to the default
settings in the “Device” block in
“TestObject” page. “Select File to Merge” option is used when the user wishes to import the information
of several “States” to his page from a saves test file. By selecting this option, the corresponding
window opens and in “Select File”
section, by selecting “Browse”, you can select your intended file. By doing so, the “States” existent in
the intended file are displayed. By checking any of these “States”, you can select that “State” to
import its information to the current
page. Then, in the section related to “Insert Information”, the intended location for importing the
“State” is specified. In “Location” section, it is specified that the “State” should be added before or
after the current “State” and in
“Current State” section, it is possible to determine the current “State”. Finally, by selecting “Add”
you can import the information. / / The next option is “Copy & Paste of State” and by selecting it, the
corresponding window opens. In
“States List For Copy” section of this window, the list of currently available “States” opens and by
checking any of them, it is possible to select the information of that “State” for copying and in the
“Options For Paste” section, just
like the previous part, the location for pasting the “State” is specified. Also, in “Repetition”
section, you can specify how many times this copying procedure is to be repeated. You can do this by
using the options available in the right-click
menu or any “State”. By clicking on “Paste State”, you can paste the copied “State” information to the
current “State”. If the user has changed the name of “States” and wishes to restore the default name of
the “States”, the “Correct Names
of States” option can be used. / The last part has two options which are related to displaying the
signal of “States” in the “Signal View” window. By selecting “All States”, it is possible to view the
voltage and current signals of all
“States” in “Signal View” but if “Current State” is selected, it is only possible to view the signals of
the current “State” in the “Signal View”. At the left of the toolbar, the number of “States” and “State”
numbers are displayed. In
this section, it is possible to move to after and before the current “State” as well as the last and
first “State” by using “Next State”, “Previous State”, “Last State” and “First State” respectively. / /
/
“DETAIL VIEW” TAB / After creating different “States” for the test in “Table View” window, it is
necessary to specify the details of each “State” separately in “Detail View” window. To open this
window, click on “Detail View” from the “View”
menu or click on “Detail View” icon from the toolbar at the top of the page. you can Also keep “Alt” key
and press left click or press mouse scroller to open “Detail View” as “Pop up” Style. / / “Analog Out”
tab: Generally, in the “Analog
Out” tab, the details related to each “State” including output voltage and currents of the device, the
type of “State”, the state of input and output binaries of the device, the ending conditions of each
“State” and some other settings
are mentioned. / “Binary Out” tab: In this tab, the settings related to opening and closing the active
output binaries of the device and their connection with each other are adjusted. / “Trigger” tab: In
“Trigger” tab, the ending conditions
of each “State” and some settings related to the “Overcurrent” errors of the device are adjusted.
Moreover, the comments of the testing person are recorded in the comment box of this section. / “Serial”
tab: This tab is used to send a
series of hardware codes in form of a “Packet” from the “AMT105” to an external instrument. / “Report
Setting” tab: This tab is used for the report settings of every “State”. It is possible to add or remove
the characteristics of the selected
“State” to or from the report. In future videos, every introduced section along with its details will be
explained separately. /.
ANALOG OUT TAB In the beginning of this video, we close the “Measurement View” window and change the
size of other windows. In “State Type” section, the type of “State” is selected from the “State Type”
dropdown field and in the “State Name”
field a name Vebko is selected for the “State”. / In “Set Mode and Fault Type” section, the outputs of
the device are specified according to parameters and types of faults. For example, in “Direct” mode, the
output voltage and current
of the device are determined directly but in “Line-Line” mode, the user specifies values of the line
voltage and the zero sequence voltage, and the device produces the output voltage and current values in
accordance with those other values.
It should be noted that in this video, the instruction is done in “Direct” mode and descriptions about
different “Set Modes” will be provided in future videos. / In “Binary Outputs” box, the state of binary
Outputs of the device are specified
where the user can enable or disable any binary according to the condition of the test. Moreover, from
the “Binary Out” tab the user can adjust the settings related to binary Outputs in more details. / In
“Binary Inputs” section, the state
of active binaries of the device and the reception time of contact is specified. “Trigger setting”
section: In “Comment” field, the user can add a note about the current “State”. This note is, also,
viewable from the “Table View” window,
“Comment” field. In “State Termination” section, the user determines the conditions for termination of
the current “State” and initiation of the next “State”. In “Timeout” field, the signal injection time is
determined by the user and
after that the test ends or goes to the next “State”. / / / If the user wishes to specify conditions to
terminate the current “State” according to reception of “Pickup” and “Trip” signals from the relay, they
need to use the “Use binary
trigger condition as specified below” option. To do this, first, the needed binaries should be enabled
from the “Hardware Configuration” page. Then, in “Binary Trigger Condition” section, the condition of
each binary for terminating the
current “State” is specified. The conditions that the user can use are mentioned in the slide bar in
front of each contact. Condition “0”, no contact has been received by the binary. Condition “1”, the
binary, has received “Pick Up” or
“Trip” contact. Condition “0 - 1”, the binary is first in “0” condition no contact received and then
“Pick up” or “Trip” contact is received. In this condition, it is necessary for the binary to detect “0”
to “1” signal. Condition “1 -
0”, the binary is, at first, in condition “1” contact received and then the contact is removed from the
binary. In this condition, it is necessary for the binary to detect “1” to “0” signal. Condition “1 -
0”. “0 - 1”, if the binary detects
any of the conditions “0 - 1” or “1 - 0”, the termination command of “State” is made. Condition “X”
means there is no condition determined for “State” termination of this binary. It should be noted that
if more than one condition is determined
for “State” termination, the user needs to choose one logic from “AND” and “OR” logics from the “Trigger
Logic” section to apply to the determined conditions. By using the “AND” logic, to terminate the “State”
all conditions should be
met while by using “OR” logic, if any of the conditions is met, the “State” is terminated. It should be
noted that all this setting can be adjusted in “Binary Inputs” box by checking “Trigger Condition”. In
this section in “Detail View”
window, by checking “Show Time from this State” option, the contact reception time origin since the
current “State” started is specified. Also, if you wish only for the last binaries state change to be
displayed, check “Show only last
change” and select one from among “1”, “0” and “0&1” radio-buttons in accordance with your needs. “0&1”
option displays the last state of zero and one. It should be reminded that in the default mode of the
software, if the binary is open
circuited, it means that no contact is received and when the two ends of the binary are short circuited
it means that contact has been received. This setting can be adjusted by changing the value of each
binary from “True” to “False” in
“Reverse” column of the “Hardware Configuration” page. / / For example, from the “Hardware
Configuration” window and “Binary / Analog Input”, 6 binaries are selected with specific active
“Targets”. Then, in “Trigger” section, the conditions
of the binary are set at "0"، "1"،"1 ˃˗ 0"، 0 ˃˗ 1، 0 ˃˗ 1 . 1 ˃˗ 0 and X and “OR” is selected as the
logic between them. In this case, by fulfilling any of condition, the current state is terminated but if
“AND” logic is selected, all
conditions must be fulfilled for the “State” to be terminated. Note that in “State Termination” section,
between “Time Out”, “Space Key Press” and “Use Binary trigger condition as specified below” there is an
“OR” logic and if they are
selected simultaneously, if any of the conditions is fulfilled , the current “State” is terminated. By
using “Trigger Logic Minimum Time”, the user specifies that how long the determined condition should
last for the “State” to be terminated.
It should be noted that this feature only works on conditions “1” and “0”. In the field related to
“Delay after Binary Trigger”, the user makes a delay time between when the condition is fulfilled and
when the “State” is terminated. For
example, to simulate key performance delay, if 50 milliseconds is entered in this field, the current
“State” is terminated after a 50 milliseconds delay and the key cutoff time is simulated. View videos of
“Synchronizer Room” to see how
“Synchronizer Mode” works. In “Other Setting” section, by checking “Disable Error Other”, errors of
“Other” type are disabled in the current “State”. Also, by checking “Disable Error Overvoltage of
Binary”, the “Overvoltage” errors of
the analog binary inputs of the device are disabled in the current “State”. / In the "Error/Trigger
Overcurrent" box a condition for the software overcurrent error or the termination of the state in case
high current extraction is specified.
By selecting "Overcurrent trigger" if the current extracted is more than 2A from the device, current
state terminate. Therefore the software applies the next "state" and if it’s the last "state" the test
ends without giving any error message.
/ In “Overcurrent” section, the user adjusts the settings related to “Overcurrent” error of the outputs
of the voltage outputs. Note that the maximum current of each output is 400 milliamps and 2amps in
transient state. In the field related
to “Percent Error Overcurrent”, the maximum voltage output current is specified in percent and in the
field related to “Threshold Error Overcurrent”, the maximum output current is specified as a number for
the “Overcurrent” error. For
example, if in the “Percent Error Overcurrent” field 90 percent is entered, if the output current of the
device reaches to 90 percent of the voltage output current, which is 1.8 amps, the device errors. Also,
if in the “Threshold Error
Overcurrent” field, 1 amps is entered, as soon as the current drawn from the voltage outputs exceeds 1
amps, the “Overcurrent” error is displayed and the test stops. “Disable Relay” section: Generally, the
device works in a way that there
are relays embedded behind all current and voltage outputs of the device. Before the test, all
amplifiers of the device are off and all relays are open. By “Running” the test, the amplifiers turn on
in 20 milliseconds, then, for 20 milliseconds
the device produces a 60 volts voltage and 5 amps current and then examines that there is no
“Self-calibration” error. After that, for 20 milliseconds, zero current and voltage are produced behind
the current and voltage outputs. After
these steps, the relays close. Now, after 100 milliseconds, the voltage and current of the test are
created. By doing this before the test, the device is isolated from any outside voltage. Also, the
amplifiers are off and the device is
silent. By checking the box next to the title of every output in each “State”, the related relay opens
and no more voltage or current is sent to the outputs. For example, to test “Magnetic Balance” of the
transformer, it is necessary to
open circuit some wiring in some state which it is done by disabling the relay of the related phase in
the device.
QUICK TYPE because “State Type: Quick” is very useful, for this “State Type”, there is a “Layout”
named “Default Layout for Quick” designed for this “State Type” in “Window” menu. In this “Layout”,
“Detail View”, “Signal View”, “Impedance
View” and “Vector View” windows are located by default. / To describe this “State Type” and to view the
outputs, it is better to maximize only “Detail View” and “Signal View” windows. In this “State Type” it
is possible to, either manually
or automatically, adjust the voltage and current signal output of the device in form of an increasing or
decreasing ramp. In this “State Type” the user can create an increasing or decreasing ramp not only on
the amplitude of signals but
also on phase and frequency values. In “Analog Out” tab in “State Type” section, “Quick” is selected
from the slide bar and in the “State Name” field, a name is selected for the intended “State”.
Description about “State Type: Quick” is
provided in “General: Direct “mode. In this mode, the voltage and current signals are initialized
directly. To create an increasing or decreasing ramp on outputs of the device, information of “Analog
Output Channels” and “Step Values”
tables should be completed. “Analog Output Channels” table In this table the start value of signals is
entered which indicates the start point of the ramp. This start value can be entered for all three
parameters amplitude, phase and frequency
of current or voltage. It should be noted that it is possible to use ramp on both voltage and current
signals simultaneously. For example, the start values of voltage signals are “10”, “15”, and “20” volts
and “2”, “3” and “4” amps for
current signals. Other information related to “Analog Output Channels” has been described before. “Step
Values” table In this table, the value of “Step” to increase or decrease signals is entered. In this
table it is possible to enter
the “Step” value for all three parameters amplitude, phase and frequency. This means that it is possible
to increase or decrease all these parameters simultaneously with different or the same amplitudes. At
the top of this table, by checking
“Simple mode L1-L2-L3”, you will have the same steps for all three voltage or current phases. After
checking this option in “Voltage” and “Current” sections, the parameter on which we wish to create a
ramp is selected from the slide bar
in the “Ramp on” section. Then, the “Step” value is entered in “Step Value” field. After unchecking
“Simple modeL1-L2-L3”, in “Step Values” table, “1”, “2” and “3” volts are entered for voltage signals as
ramp values while for current
signals, “0.1”, “0.2” and “0.3” amps are entered as ramp values. By checking “Enable mouse wheel”
option, if the cursor is on “Step Values” table, by using the mouse wheel, it is possible to increase or
decrease the signal values and the
specified steps simultaneously. This can be during or even before running the test. It should be noted
that these changes are only possible if the ramp is set on “Manual” mode. “Quick Setting” section In
this section by checking “Show
Time from final step”, the time from the final step is displayed. One of the uses for this is in
measuring the trip time of the relay. By checking “Clear Test after Start Edit” after running the test,
if any changes are made to the test,
without using the Clear test option, Information and setting can be altered. By checking the "Enable
mouse wheel everywhere" option and holding the mouse pointer over the "Detail View" window, the values
of the signals will increase or
decrease with the specified steps if the mouse roller is rotated. If the mouse roller is turned upwards,
the ramp will be incremental, and if it is rotated downwards, the ramp will be decreasing. This option
is also used when the ramp
is changed manually. If you also check the "Enable mouse wheel on step Table" option, the output values
will change only by turning the mouse roller if the mouse pointer is on the "Step Values" table. By
checking “Show Only Final Trip”
option, the trip time is displayed by binary inputs of the last step. In “Time Out” field, the injection
time of “State” is specified which is by default in set on “999” seconds in “Quick” mode. In “Quick”
mode, the ramp is created either
automatically or manually. After running the test if the “Manual” option is selected, the ramp is
created manually and by clicking on “˄” and “˅” it is possible to create increasing or decreasing ramp.
If during the test “Auto” option
is selected, ramp is created automatically. In "∆t" field the time of each step is specified. By
selecting “Up”, the ramp increases automatically and by selecting “Down” it decreases automatically. In
“Enable Reset” field, it is possible
to specify the reset time of signal value in a way that after checking this option during the test, the
signal value is “Reset” for the specified period of time which is determined in “Reset” in “Reset
Values” table. In this “State Type”
it is possible to add information and results of the test to the output report by clicking on “Add to
report” option. After clicking on this option, by opening the “State and Comment of Report” page, the
settings related to the output
report are adjusted. In the “Title” field, a title is entered for the output report and in “Show in
Report” section from the “Quick” tree diagram, it is specified that what information are to be included
in the output report. In “Comment”
section, it is possible to add an additional comment or explanation for the report. In “Custom Image”
section, you can add an image to the report. In this report, it is the user who determines whether the
test was successful or not by
clicking on “Passed” option for success and “Failed” option for failure of the test. Then, the result is
included in the report which can be viewed in the “Report View” window. By clicking on
“Edit.Delete.Report” option, the “Delete from
Report” window opens where it is possible to edit or delete the added reports. It is done by selecting
the intended report and clicking on “Edit Selected Report” to edit the report and then clicking on
“Passed” or “Fail”. It is, also,
possible to delete a report by clicking on “Delete Selected Report”. In the row of every report there
are columns like “Trip Time”, “Detail View”, etc. which are added to the report if “True” is selected as
their value but “False” is selected,
they are removed from the output report. By clicking on “Swap” at the top of the page, “Quick Setting”
and “Ramp Termination” sections are swapped. This is done, according to the user's need, to show the
"Ramp Termination" section. In
“Ramp Termination” section, the conditions for terminating the “Ramp” are specified. The difference
between this section and “State Termination” is that here the signal injection is continued and only
step change of signals is terminated
but in “State Termination” after the condition is met, the “State” is terminated. The termination
conditions of “Ramp” are just like “Trigger Setting” which has been described in previous videos. By
selecting “Reset Value”, it is possible
to adjust the “Reset” value for voltage and current signals in “Reset Values” table so if “Apply Reset”
is selected during the test, the values of voltage and current signals change to the specified “Reset”
values. This feature is useful
in tests like “Minimum Voltage to Operate Circuit breaker. By clicking on “Apply Zero”, the values of
voltage and current signals are changed to zero. By clicking on “Hold Value”, the values of voltage and
current signals remain as they
are and do not change. The information related to "Trigger Setting" has been described in previous
videos. By selecting "Offset Value", it is possible to give an offset to the signal in the "Offset
Value" table. For example it is possible
to give a value of "DC=10" volts to "VLE-1" signal or even give a value of decaying "DC" to the initial
voltage. It is also possible to add a harmonic offset to the initial signal by changing the frequency.
After repeating the test, all
changes made along with their time are displayed in “Changes” section. “Disable Relay” section has been
described in previous videos.
STEP RAMP TYPE To better explain this “State Type”, other than “Detail View” window, “Signal View”
window is maximized too so you can view the outputs. In the “Signal View” window, the signal view type
is set on “RMS” mode, “Digital” signals
are disabled and, to have a better view of the signals, the signals are turned “Bold”. / / / In this
“State Type”, it is possible to set the voltage and current outputs of the device to increasing or
decreasing “Ramp. This “State Type”
is used when the user wishes to get a threshold for a parameter. It should be mentioned that it is
possible to apply this “Ramp” to amplitude, phase and frequency or a combination of these options for
voltage and current signals. / It
should be noted that, to better understand the concept of “Step Ramp”, only “General: Direct” mode is
explained. Creating a “Ramp” output requires three values: start value, step value and final value. /
“Start Values” table In this section,
the start value of “Ramp” is specified and it indicates that from what point the “Ramp” should start.
These values can be specified for the three parameters of amplitude, phase and frequency separately. For
example, values of voltage in
this section are set at 5, 10 and 15 volts. “Binary Output”, “Binary Input” and “Other Setting” sections
are explained in previous videos and will not be mentioned here. / “Step Values” section In “Step
Values” section, the value for every
“Step” is specified. These values can be specified for the three parameters of amplitude, phase and
frequency separately. For example, the value of “Step” for voltage is set at 1, 2 and 2 volts. / “Final
Values” section In this section,
the final value of the ramp signal is specified which indicates that at what point should the ramp
finish. These values can be specified for the three parameters of amplitude, phase and frequency
separately. The final value of voltage
in this section is 20, 25 and 30 volts. / You can see that the signal of all three voltage phases has
reached from the start value to the final value, according to the specified steps, in form of a “Ramp”.
In the “Time Setting” box in
“Step Ramp Setting” section, the time of each step is specified. This value is 500 milliseconds by
default. By checking the “Enable Reset” option, it is possible to allow the signals to “Reset” after a
specific time period. In “Reset Time”
section, the time of each “Reset” step is specified which is added to the “State” time. To set the value
and its parameter you should go to the bottom of the page in “Reset Values” section. This section and
“Disable Relay” section has
already been described in previous videos. / There are two options in the “Ramp Type” section where the
first option, which is “Step Values”, is active by default. By selecting this option, the settings are
as described before. As you
can see, for example in L1 phase, each “Step” is increased by 1 volt every 500 milliseconds but by
selecting “Rate Value per Second”, the number of steps specified in the “Step Values” table is
determined as value per second. For example,
L1 phase should increase by 1 volt every second. According to the specified “Step Time”, every second,
there will be two 500millivolts step. / In “Ramp Description Errors” section, steps of the “Ramp”, the
total time of the “State” and
the errors are described. By using the “Simple Mode” option, it is possible to specify the value of
steps of the “Ramp” and the final value of the “Ramp” more easily. By checking the “Simple Mode” option,
the settings of “Step Values”
and “Final Values” table are disabled and a new section including voltage and current sections are
opened. In these sections, first, the parameter is selected from the slider bar. This slider bar
includes amplitude, phase and frequency
options. After selecting the parameter, two options are displayed. In the “Step Value” and “Final Value”
fields, the step value of the “Ramp” and the final value of the “Ramp” are specified respectively. The
difference between this option
and the previous state is that in this state all three phases change simultaneously. / / An important
point in “Ramp” on frequency is that there will be signal jump. So, it is possible that while testing
the frequency relays, an appropriate
response is not received from the relay; while “Ramping” on a frequency, to keep the signal steady, it
is necessary to check the “Continuous in Frequency Step”. By specifying 2Hz as the start value of
frequency and 3Hz as the “Step Ramp”
and 50Hz as the final value, there will be a frequency jump in the output signal. To view this frequency
jump, first, the output signal must be set on “Inst”. As you can see, by checking “Continuous in
Frequency Step”, this frequency jump
disappears.
CONTINUOUS RAMP TYPE This “State Type” is similar to “Step Ramp”. The only difference is that in
“Step Ramp” the parameter changes step by step at user-defined time intervals but in “Continuous Ramp”,
the parameters increase or decrease continuously
with 400 microseconds time steps. / The parameters adjusted for “Continuous Ramp” include start value,
final value and total time and the start values are specified in “Start Values” table. Here, the values
for voltage signals are 5, 10
and 15 volts. “Binary Output”, “Binary Input” and “Other Setting” sections have been described before
and we can skip them. In “Final Values” table the final value of the parameters is specified. Here, the
values for voltage signals are
20, 25 and 30 volts. / / In “Total Time” field in the “Continuous Ramp Setting” section the total time
of the “State” is specified which is linked with the “Timeout” time in “State Termination” in “Trigger”
setting. “Trigger”, “Offset
Value”, “Error/Trigger Overcurrent” and “Disable Relay” sections have been described in previous videos
and more descriptions should not be necessary here. / Another important matter about “Ramp” is that, in
addition to put ramp on voltage
and current, in “Step Ramp” the user can put ramp on impedance by changing the “Set Mode”. Since the
hardware is only capable of recognizing voltage and current and cannot recognize the impedance
parameter, and because there are so many
impedance parameters, it is not possible to send these parameters to the hardware in every “Step”. So,
in “Step Ramp” firstly all values of impedance steps are sent to the software and then measured voltage
and current sent to the hardware
as an array every time “Step” in “Continuous Ramp” is 400 microseconds, the amount of calculations and
arrays is greatly increased and it is not possible for the results of the calculations and created
arrays to be sent to the hardware.
So, this “State Type” is always carried out in “General: Direct” mode. / /
HARMONIC STATE In order to better explain this "State Type", in addition to magnifying "Detail View"
window, the "Signal View" window is also magnified to observe outputs. As you are aware, based on the
Fourier series expansion, a periodic
signal can be expressed in terms of the sum of several sinusoidal waves with various coefficients and
frequencies. In "Harmonic" State Type, the user can inject voltage signals and harmonic current
by"AMT105" device. To this purpose, in
"Detail View" window, "Analog Out" tab and "State Type" part, the "Harmonic" State Type is selected from
dropdown field. As can be observed, in this"State Type", the user can create and inject a signal with
two desired harmonics. To this
purpose, first the signal data or main harmonic should be entered in "Analog Output Channels" and the
other two desired harmonics in "Free-Order Harmonic #1" and "Free-Order Harmonic #2". / / / / “Analog
Output Channels” Table As aforementioned,
the main harmonic data are entered in this table. These data include the amplitude, phase, and frequency
of each signal. It is noteworthy that the harmonic voltage and current signals can be simultaneously
injected by device. For example,
the data of three balanced voltage signals with an amplitude of "50" V and a frequency of "50" Hz, and
three balanced current signals with an amplitude of "500" milliampere mA and a frequency of "50" Hz are
entered. Other parts of this
section have been explained in previous films. / Analog Output Channels Table The data related to the
desired "nth" harmonic signal are entered in this table. These data include amplitude, phase, and
frequency, which are entered for voltage
and current signals. It is noteworthy that the maximum allowed value for frequency is "1500" Hz. For
example, the third harmonic data are entered in the table, including three voltage signals with an
amplitude of "10" V and a frequency
of "150" Hz and three current signals with an amplitude of "300" mA and a frequency of "150" Hz. After
data were entered, the waveform corresponding to this signal containing the main and third harmonics is
shown in "Signal View" window.
During the test, the output waveform and the actual value of harmonic injected by the device can be
observed in "Signal View". / / Free-Order Harmonic #1 Table The data related to the desired nth harmonic
signal are entered in this table.
These data include amplitude, phase, and frequency that are entered for voltage and current signals. It
should be noted that the maximum allowed value for frequency is "1500" Hz. For example, the fifth
harmonic data are entered into the
table, including three voltage signals with an amplitude of "5" V and a frequency of "250" Hz and three
current signals with an amplitude of "200" mA and a frequency of "250" Hz. After data was entered, the
waveform corresponding to this
signal containing the main third and fifth harmonics is shown in "Signal View" window. During the test,
the harmonic signal injected by the device can be observed in "Signal View". Please note that a decaying
DC offset value can be used
in this table instead of harmonic signal. / /
THE “TRANSIENT” STATE TYPE: As mentioned before, one of the features of Vebko device and software is
relay testing in transient state. To easily access the windows needed for this “State Type”, a “Layout”
named “Default Layout for Transient”
is designed specifically for this state which is located in the “Windows” menu. This layout includes
“Detail View”, “Signal View”, “Measurement View”, “Vector View” and “Impedance View” windows. Here, to
have a better view of the “Detail
View” window, all other windows is closed. When a fault occurs, the relay saves the fault information
and moments before the fault as a “Comtrade” file and provides the user with this file. By using this
information it is possible to view
impedance or differential trajectory or by injecting the same transient signal, simulate the fault
moment and test the relay performance again. / / Other than “Comtrade” file with “cfg” extension, there
is another file with “dat” extension.
These two files have the same name and for the “comtrade” file to be loaded in the software, both files
must be together. In “Transient Setting” section, the settings related to “comtrade” file are adjusted.
By selecting “Import Comtrade”,
the “comtrade” file exported from the relay is imported and loaded. Moreover, a list including several
“comtrade” files is located in the software. By selecting “Import Comtrade from List” option this list
opens and a file can be selected
and loaded. After loading a transient file, the data related to that file is loaded in the table of this
section. In “Signal” column, name of the output of the device is specified. To change the outputs of
this section, “Analog Out” tab
in the “Hardware Configuration” page can be used. In “Channel” column, current or voltage signals
allocated to output of the device are displayed. By opening the drop down field, it is possible to
change the allocated signal. / / In “Scale”
column, the user can determine a specific percentage of the Transient signal amplitude for injection. In
“Min” and “Max” columns, positive and negative amplitudes of signals of “Comtrade” file are specified.
In “Pirm.factor” and “sec.factor”
columns, the conversion ratio of “VT”s and “CT”s is specified in relation to the “Comtrade” file and it
is possible that values of these coefficients are not the some in some files. In that case, the user
needs to edit them. For example,
here “Prim.factor” is set at 1 kilovolt and by right-clicking on this column and selecting “Apply to all
Voltage”, this value is set for other voltages as well. / In “PS” column, it is specified that the
information of “Comtrade” is primary
or secondary side. If it is “Primary”, in “Min” and “Max” columns the secondary values are placed in
“Prim.factor” and “Sec.factor” in accordance with the given conversion ratio. If “Secondary” is
selected, in “Min” and “Max” columns,
the original values of the file are placed. To calculate the “RMS” value of the signals of “Comtrade”
file and displaying it in “Signal View”, first, “Calculate RMS, Phase and Other” option should be
checked and then in “Setting” tab,
in “Show Type” box, the “RMS” radio button is checked. After seeing signal's "RMS" value, "show type" is
get back to the instantaneous state. / / By checking “Select All Channel” in “Channel” column, it is
possible to select all voltage
and current signals existent in the “Comtrade” file for outputs of the device while if this option is
unchecked, in the list of every output, it is possible to only select signals from the same type of
output. For example, in “VL1-E” output,
only voltage signals of the “Comtrade” file are visible. The reason for the existence of this option is
that in some transient files, the unit of signals is not given in volt and ampere and the software is
not able to differentiate between
current and voltage and allocate it to the output of the device. So, it is necessary for the user to
manually introduce the voltage and current signals to outputs of the device. / / If the user wishes to
view the waveform of all voltage,
current and digital signals existent in the “Comtrade” file in “Signal View”, he should select “Current
State” from the toolbar. Then from the “Setting” tab in “Signal View”, he should select the signals that
he wishes to view. But in
“All State” state, it is only possible to view the waveform of the outputs of the device in each “State”
and not the waveform of all signals in “Single View”. To better analyze the transient signals in “Vector
View” window, it is possible
to open up to 5 “Vector Views” and, view the vector of different signals in different times.
Complementary description about “Vector View” window will be provided in the videos related to this
window. / / / / If the current and voltage
values allocated to the output of the device which are specified in “Max” and “Min” columns exceed the
allowed injection amount of the device, an error message is recorded in the “Errors” section. By
selecting the “Limit Voltage and Current
of Transient File to Setting”, the amplitude of these signals is limited to the injectable amount by the
device. The difference between this option and “Scale” is that by selecting this option, a part of the
signal amplitude which is exceeding
the allowed amount is cut but in “Scale”, only a coefficient is multiplied by signal amplitude and no
part of the signal is cut. The name of the “Comtrade” file is written in “File Name” section. / By
right-clicking on “Prim. Factor” column
or “Sec. Factor” and selecting “Fill Primary Secondary from Device” option, the “Prim. Factor” and
“Sec.factor” values are entered in the “Test Object” page from “Device” block and if “Fill Primary
Secondary from Comtrade File” is selected,
the values of this column are entered from the “Comtrade” file. In “Sampling Rate” section, the
information related to sampling frequency of the device and “Comtrade” file is specified. In “Original”
field, the original value of the signal
sampling frequency, in “Used” field, the value of used sampling frequency to be displayed in “Signal
View” window and in “Frequency” section, the test signal frequency is specified. / / / If the user
wishes to apply a part of the transient
waveform to the device, he can use the “Trim Time” section where its start time is specified in “Start
Time” section and the end time is specified in “End Time” section. In this section, when the “Comtrade”
file is loaded, the time value
is extracted from the “Comtrade” file. To inject a part of the transient signal by device, first, the
“Current State” option should be selected. Then, by activating “Cursor1” and “Cursor2” in “Setting” of
the “Signal View” window, the
beginning and end of the signal is specified. Finally by clicking on “Apply from trackbars” option, the
values of “Cursors” are entered automatically. Also by selecting “Reset Time” option, these times reset.
/ / / /
THE “TRANSIENT” STATE OBSERVING THE IMPEDANCE TRAJECTORY One of the applications of “State Type”
Transient” is that the impedance and differential trajectories of distance and differential relays could
be observed. The meaning of trajectory
is the route of the change of differential or impedance characteristic of differential and distance
relays in their characteristic curves based on the injected waves to the relay. For this purpose, at
first, from the “window” menu, the
“Default Layout for Transient” option will be selected so the arrangement of the windows would change.
In this arrangement, the “Detail View”, “Signal View”, “Vector View” and “Impedance View” windows are
positioned that is used for observing
the trajectory. / / In the following, the “Detail View” window will be selected from the “State Type”
drop down field of the “Transient” state. Then, the “current State” option will be selected from the
toolbar on the upper part of the
page. By doing this, the signals related to “State Type” in the “Signal View” and “Vector View” will be
displayed after entering the “Comtrade” file. / / Entering the relay data For observing the differential
or impedance trajectory, the
data related to relay must be loaded in the software so the characteristic curve of the relay would be
displayed in the “Impedance View”. In this video, the objective is to show the impedance trajectory of a
distance relay. / To do so,
the “Test Object” icon will be clicked so the “General Test Object” would be opened. On this page, by
having “XRio” ad “Rio” files of the relay, the data of the relay would be entered in two ways. In this
video, the data are loaded using
the “Rio”. To do so, we will click on the “Import from File” option, the file of “Rio” of the distance
relay will be selected and loaded, and the OK option will be clicked. After loading the relay data, the
impedance characteristic relay
will be displayed in the “Impedance View”. / / / Entering the “Comtrade” file After entering the relay
information, the transient state file that is extracted from the relay should be loaded in the software.
As you know, the “Comtrade”
output is two files with the format of “CFG” and “DAT”. If these two files are not located in a folder,
then, this file will not be loaded in the software. To do this, click on the “Import Comtrade” option
and then the intended file will
be selected and loaded. Note that if the “Rio” has the same name as the “Comtrade” file and is located
in a folder, by loading the “Comtrade” file, the data of the “Rio” file will be loaded automatically.
After loading the “Comtrade” file,
the voltage and current signals will be displayed in “Signal View” and the information of voltage and
the current signal will be displayed in the “Detail View” window. “Calculate RMS…” should be checked to
the software calculates the RMS
and phase of the voltage and current signals to trajectory display. After this, in the “Signal View”
window, the “Setting” tab, the “cursor” option will be checked. After activating the “Cursor”, the
impedance trajectory could be observed
online in the “Impedance View” by moving the “Cursor 1” in the time axis of “signal View” window. Note
that for the differential relays “Comtrade” files, six current phases and for distance relays “Comtrade”
files, three current phases
and three voltage phases should active. Also, you have to check that the assigned signals to each output
to be exactly according to the state that exists in the real state and in case of difference, it should
be manually modified. / /
/ / / / / The “Impedance View” window As mentioned in the “Impedance View” window, the impedance or
differential characteristic curve of the relays is displayed. By opening this window, the impedance
characteristic curve is displayed by
default. This curve displays the line impedance in terms of “R” and “X”. In the “Impedance View”, select
the “Differential” icon from the left-side icons for displaying the differential characteristic curve,
so the differential characteristic
curve of the differential relay would be displayed. This curve will be explained more in the
differential trajectory video. / / In the “Impedance View” window, by clicking on the “Undo” or “Redo”
icons, we can return to the previous or
next changes that are done on the characteristic curve. The “Zoom Model” icon places the mouse cursor in
the zoomed condition for magnifying a part of the characteristic curve. The “Optimize all” icon will
show the characteristic curve
shape as a complete curve. The “Zoom In” and “Zoom Out” icons are used for magnifying and zoom out the
characteristic curve. Using the “Pan Mode” icon, the characteristic curve could be displaced. By
clicking on the “Hide/ Show Toolbox”
the existing icons in the “Toolbox” could become hidden and shown again. Using the “Fault Type” icon the
fault display can be specified. By clicking on the “Export CSV” from the settings of the relay zones
that are checked, a “CSV” format
output could be saved. Please pay attention that one CSV file will be given for each zone. / / / / / / /
/ By clicking on the existing gear wheel in the below of this window, some options will be displayed for
a better trajectory. By checking
the “Between Orange, Green” option, the trajectory will be displayed as a line that its waves are
between the orange and green colors in the “signal View”. As a result, the trajectory will be displayed
between these two “cursors”. By checking
the “all Points” option, the trajectory will be displayed in all the points and at all the times of the
“Comtrade” file. In the “Circle.Ref” field, it will be specified that the trajectory will be
simultaneously displayed by displacing
which cursor on the “Signal View”. Here, by changing the “Cursor” to orange the trajectory changes could
be observed. The “ZL1E”, “ZL2E”, “ZL3E”, “ZL1L2”, “ZL2L3” and “ZL3L1” options show the impedance
trajectory in different faults. The
display of the trajectory of that fault can be deleted from the characteristic curve by unchecking each
of them. In the below of each of these options, the coordinates of the impedance point is displayed as
the “R” and “X” as online by
moving the “Cursor 1” in “Signal View”. / / For observing the amounts of voltage and current at each
moment, in the “Vector View” window of the “Type” field, the “Orange” option should be checked that is
related to orange-colored “Cursor”.
Then, the voltage and current values and also the trajectory variations could be observed online by
changing this “cursor”. /
THE "TRANSIENT" STATE OBSERVING THE DIFFERENTIAL TRAJECTORY As already said, one of the functions of
the "State Type: Transient" is to observe the impedance and differential trajectories of distance and
differential relays. The route trajectory
signifies the variation of differential or impedance characteristic curve in differential or distance
relays based on the injected wave shapes. To this purpose, at first, from the "Default Layout for
Transient" option is selected from
the "Window" menu, so the arrangement of windows change proportionally to this test run. In this
arrangement, the "Detail View", "Signal View", "Vector View" and "Impedance View" are located in a way
to observe the trajectory. / / Subsequently,
the "Transient" state is selected from the "Detail View" window from the "State Type" slider field.
Remember for "Comtrade" files of the differential relay six current phases, three current phases and
three voltage phases must be active
for "Comtrade" files of distance relay. Also, examine if the assigned signal to each output matches
exactly the real condition and in case of any differences you have to correct it manually. At first, six
current phases are activated in
the "Hardware Configuration" window and the voltage phases are deactivated. / / Simultaneous importing
of the "Comtrade" file and relay information In this video, the objective is to import the relay
information and "Comtrade" file simultaneously.
This case happens when the "Comtrade" and "Rio" files of the relay have an identical name and saved in
one folder. Then, click on the "Import Comtrade" option and the "Comtrade" file of the "7ut613"
differential relay is selected. After
that, the "Open Comtrade File" message is shown. This message signifies that a "Rio" file with the same
name as the "Comtrade" file exists. By clicking on "YES", the "Rio" and "Comtrade" files of the relay
are loaded simultaneously and
in case of selecting "NO", the "Rio" file won't be loaded and the relay information should be loaded
separately. In this video, after clicking on the "YES" option, the "Rio" and "Comtrade" files are loaded
simultaneously. After loading
the "Comtrade" file, the "Detail View" window should be checked to see if the assigned signals to the
current outputs accommodate the real condition or not. In this table, the "3I0" signal is imported
instead of the "IL1-M2" signal that
is not correct. Therefore, in the "Channel" column, the IL1 1 slider field is right-clicked and the
"IL1-M2" is selected. The "IL2-M2" and "IL3-M2" signals are assigned to fifth and sixth outputs,
respectively. Then, from the toolbar on
the top of the page, the “Current State" option is selected. By doing this, the signals related to
"State Type" is displayed in the "Signal View" and "Vector View" after importing the "Comtrade" file. /
/ / / Subsequently, click on the
"Differential" icon on the "Impedance View" window, so the characteristic curve of the differential
relay is displayed. This curve is based on "I bias" and "I diff" that are bias current and differential
current, respectively. Remember
by selecting the "Differential" curve, proportionally, the name of the window is changed to
"Differential Characteristic". After this, the "Cursor" option is checked in the "Setting" tab in the
"Signal View" window. Do not forget to check
“Calculate RMS…” option which displays the differential trajectory. After activating the "Cursor", by
moving the "Cursor 1" over the time axis in the "Signal View" window, the differential trajectory could
be observed instantly in the
"Differential Characteristic" window. By checking the "All Point" option, the differential trajectory is
displayed in all the time of the "Comtrade" file. Other options of the "Differential Characteristic"
window are similar to the "Impedance
View" window that has been explained in previous educational videos. /
“TRACKING” STATE In "State Type: Tracking", power swing test or "power swing blocking" of distance
relays is done. Power swing protection or "power swing blocking" is performed at the level of power
transmission network. In order to conduct
"Power Swing Blocking" test, after selecting "State Type: Tracking", the "Impedance View" window should
be opened to display the impedance characteristic of relay, because in vebko software, this test is
conducted by impedance characteristic.
/ / / The power swing blocking test is usually conducted in three-phase fault and "Z-I const." mode.
That is why in "Fault Type" field, the fault type has been selected to be "L1-L2-L3" by default. In "Z-I
const." mode, the test current
is constant and different voltages are generated to create fault impedance. "Analog Output Channels"
table data have been created based on this "Set mode". The values of voltage and output current from
these data are calculated by software
and displayed in "Table View" and adjusted by the device. It should be noted that in "State Type:
Tracking" state, the "Ananlog Output Channel" table is "Read Only" and no value can be changed to the
table. / Entering Relay Data At the
beginning of this test, data related to distance relay should be entered into the software so that their
impedance characteristic can be displayed in "Impedance View". To this purpose, click on "Test Object";
by selecting "Import from
list" icon, "XRio Converter" file for distance relay "P441" is loaded. / / / Then in "File" menu, select
"Load Relay Setting" option, and in the opened window of "XRio" file, select distance relay "P441". By
unchecking the options in "Matching
Algorithm" part, which was previously described, "XRio" file is loaded. Upon clicking on the "OK"
option, the relay impedance characteristic is displayed in the "Impedance View" window. / / Impedance
View Window The power swing blocking
test is conducted based on the impedance characteristic. In this test, the impedance observed by the
relay enters the tripping zone from a zone out of the characteristic curve No Tripping Zone and exits
rapidly; in this case, the relay
must "block" its trip. There is a table next to the impedance characteristic curve in "Impedance View".
This table can be used to enter power swing blocking test data. / In order to conduct this test, one
point outside the characteristic
curve, one point inside the characteristic curve, and again one point outside the characteristic curve
should be added. After the points are added in the characteristic curve, it is observed that a row has
been added to the right table
per point. In the "Num.Step" column of this table, the number of points are entered between the previous
point and the selected point and depicted in the impedance characteristic curve. / / In "t nom" column,
the total time of voltage
and current injection corresponding to these are entered. In"I test" column, the injection current of
these points are determined. Considering that the injection is in the form of constant current, the
current of all points is constant.
The real and imaginary values of the selected point have been entered in "R" and "X" columns,
respectively. . Once the table data of this test are completed, this test is ready to be executed and
upon clicking "Start" option, the test
is conducted. / / /
"SET MODE AND FAULT TYPE" : PART 1 Using options in "Set Mode" field in "Set Mode and Fault Type"
part, the user can introduce certain parameters to software to test in "Analog Output Channels" table
and produce the device voltage and the
current corresponding to them. The output values of device can be observed in "Table View" window. /
Considering test conditions, the "State Types" of "Continuous Ramp" and "Harmonic" are performed only in
"General: Direct" mode. Additionally,
considering "Power Swing" test conditions, " State Type :Tracking" is performed in "Distance: Z-I const"
mode. Note that since in "Transient Type", the values and type of data are extracted from "Comtrade"
file, "Set Mode and Fault Type"
part does not exist. / / / / The "Set Mode" filed can be put on different modes in the "State Types" of
"Step Ramp", "Quick", and "Normal"; in this film we refer to "General" modes. "Analog Output Channels"
table in "General" modes has
"Signal", "Amplitude", "Phase", and "Frequency" columns. / "General: Direct" Mode: In this mode, values
of voltage signals and the output current of the device are directly determined by adjusting the phase
values of voltage signals and
the values of current signal lines in "Analog Output Channels" table. In this mode, the frequency value
can be determined in "Analog Output Channels" table, but in other modes, the frequency value is obtained
from"Test Object". As it can
be observed, values of "Analog Output Channels" table have been directly entered in "Table View" window.
"General: Line-Line " Mode: In this mode, the output signals values of the device are determined by
adjusting the line to line values
of voltage and current signals, as well as the value of zero sequence voltage in "Analog Output
Channels" table. As it can be observed, the current values in "Analog Output Channels" table have been
directly entered into "Table View" window.
By changing the zero sequence voltage to 5V, the voltage value of each phase changes to 6 V in the first
phase and 4.583 V in other phases based on the defined relations. / "General: Symmetrical Components"
Mode In this mode, by adjusting
the value of voltage and positive, negative, and zero sequence current in "Analog Output Channels"
table, the values of device voltage and current signals corresponding to them are determined. In order
to observe these changes, the negative
sequence value changes to 5. According to mathematical relations, the value of the first phase and the
other two phases was calculated to be 11 V and 4 V, respectively. In addition, by changing the negative
sequence current to 2 Amperes,
the output values of current changes to 2.391, 3.973, and 1.581 Amperes, respectively. / / / "General:
Powers": Mode In this mode, the values of device voltage and output current signals are determined by
adjusting the phase value of voltage
signals, apparent power, active power, and reactive power in "Analog Output Channels" table. The fourth
to sixth rows of apparent power are related to each phase and the seventh row is the apparent row of
three phases whose magnitude is
determined in "Amplitude" column and their angle is determined in "Phase" column. Moreover, the eights
to tenth rows are related to the active and reactive power of each phase, and the eleventh row is
related to the active and reactive
power of three phases. The active power value is determined in "Amplitude" column and reactive power
value is determined in "Phase" column. / As it can be observed, the voltage values in"Analog Output
Channels" table are directly entered
into "Table View" window and by changing the value of apparent power of three phases to 50 volt-ampere
VA in" Analog Output Channels" table, the current values in the output change to 1.515 A in the first
phase and 4.167 A in the other
two phases. "General: Fault Values" Mode: In this mode, first the fault type is selected from the slider
bar of "Fault Type" field, then in "Analog Output Channels" table, the value of fault voltage, fault
current, and their angle are
entered and the values of device voltage signals and output current corresponding to them can be seen in
"Table View" window. As single phase to ground fault is selected here, the values of device voltage and
output current in that phase
are considered to be equal to the value of fault voltage and current in"Analog Output Channels" table. /
"SET MODE AND FAULT TYPE": PART 2 As mentioned before, using options in "Set Mode" field in "Set
Mode and Fault Type" part, the user can introduce certain parameters into software to test in "Analog
Output Channels" table and produce the device
voltage and the current corresponding to them. / "Distance: Z-I const" mode is used for impedance and
distance functions, in this mode, the user enters fault impedance and test current, and the device
injects the corresponding current
and voltages to it. If user determines the fault impedance in terms of magnitude and angle, the software
calculates "R" and "X" values and displays them in the second row. For example, the impedance value of 1
ohm Ω has been entered with
a 45º angle, and the "R" and "X" values are shown in the second row. If the fault impedance is also
adjusted in terms of "R" and "X", the software calculates the impedance and angle and shows it in the
first row. For example, the value
of "R" and "X" has been adjusted to be 100 milliohm mΩ and 50 mΩ, respectively, and the values of
impedance and fault angle are shown in the first row. In this case, the test current of 2 A is entered
for dual phase fault "L1-L2" and the
software calculates the voltage and test current values using mathematical relations and shows them in
"Table view". In "Distance: Z-V const" mode, by keeping voltage constant and adjusting it by user, and
by adjusting the fault impedance
value, the test current value is calculated using mathematical relations and displayed in "Table View".
Additionally, in"Distance: Z-Zs const" mode, the value of fault impedance and "SIR" parameter value,
which is the ratio of source impedance
to fault impedance, are adjusted and the values of current and test voltage are calculated using
mathematical relations and are displayed in "Table View". / / / Now if user wants to consider the fault
impedance in terms of a percentage
of a parameter, he can use three modes: "Distance: Z%-I const"، "Distance: Z%-V const", and"Distance:
Z%-Zs const. " in the "% of" part, it has been determined that fault impedance should be selected as a
percentage of line impedance.
In the "Z%" part, it is determined that what percentage of the selected value the fault impedance should
be, and in "phiZ" part, the impedance angle is adjusted. / In "Distance: Z%-I const" mode, the fault
current is constant and the software
calculates its corresponding voltage and current based on the fault type and impedance. In addition, the
value of fault voltage is constant in "Distance: Z%-V const", and when the user adjusts it, the test
current values are calculated
by software. Additionally, by adjusting "SIR" parameter in "Distance: Z%-V const" mode, the value of
current and test voltage is calculated in software. It should be noted that the current and test voltage
values are also calculated using
the above mentioned formulas with the difference that the impedance value is selected to be a percentage
of the line impedance. For example, in "Distance: Z%-Zs const" mode, the impedance test point is
selected to be 80% of the line impedance
with a 40° angle and "SIR" value is adjusted to be 10. Now the values of voltage and test current are
calculated using the above mentioned mathematical relations and displayed in "Table View". / If user
wants to conduct "OverCurrent" test
in this room, he should adjust "Set Mode" on "Overcurrent: ITest" and adjust current, current angle, and
voltage for directional functions in "Analog Output Channels" table. In "Table View" page, the values of
voltage and test current
are calculated based on the selected "Fault Type". For example, for two phase fault "L1-L2", the test
current of 1 A with a 40° angle and voltage of 5 V was adjusted and the values of current and test
voltage can be observed in "Table
View". / / Additionally, in order to test differential relays in this room, the user should open
"Hardware Configuration" window and disable the voltage outputs and enable all 6 current phases. Then in
"Detail View" window adjust the "Set
Mode" on "Differential: IBias, Idiff". By adjusting "IDiff" and"IBias" values to be 0.5 and 7 times of
the nominal current in "Analog Output Chnnels" table, the current of different phases is calculated for
differential function and displayed
in "Table View" window. Pay attention that these values are calculated based on the parameters adjusted
in "Differential" block of "Test Object" page, and the user is required to enter the specifications of
the protected equipment and
tested relay. / /
ADDITIONAL SETTINGS OF “DETAIL VIEW” “Continue Last State Amplitude” Option: This option appears in
the “States” after “State Type: Step Ramp” in “Detail View” window. By checking this option, the current
or voltage value of the current State
is injected from where the previous “State” is finished. This option is used to measure the relay trip
time or “Pickup Drop off” test in relays. For example, in “Pickup Drop off” test an increasing “Step
Ramp State” is created where three-phases
2amps to 4amps current increases with 0.2amp steps and “Trigger” condition for reception of “Pickup”
signal is specified. Note that “Binary Input 2” is specified for “Pickup” signal reception. / / / The
second “State” is a decreasing “Step
Ramp” where three-phases 4amps to 2amps current decreases with 0.2amp steps and “Trigger” condition of
“Dropping” the relay 1-0 is specified. After performing the test, you can see that after receiving the
“Pickup” contact, the second
“State” starts decreasing from 4amps until the relay “Drops”. But if you check the “Continue Last State
Amplitude” option in “State2” and perform the test, after receiving the “Pickup” signal, the current in
the second “State” starts decreasing
from where the relay performed the “Pickup” and keeps doing so until the relay performs the “Drop”. / /
/ / “Disable Get Actual” Option If you check the “Show Actual Value” option in “Hardware Configuration”
window, the “Disable Get Actual”
option appears in “Detail View” window. By checking this option, the actual current or voltage value
will not be displayed in that “State”. If there are two “States” and the injection time in a “State” is
too long and you do not want to
view the actual value, by checking the “Disable Get Actual” option in “Detail View” window, the actual
value will not be displayed in that “State”. / / “Disable Relay” option In the back of every voltage or
current output of the device
there are relays which separate the “Amplifier” section of the inside of the device from the front
panel. Before performing the test these relays must be connected and then the voltage or current is
injected from the outputs of the device.
In “Disable Relay” section in “Detail View” window, by checking any of the options available in the
list, it is possible to disable the relay related to that output and then after performing the test you
can see that the actual output
value of the intended port equals zero. This option is used in tests such as magnetic flux division in
transformer because by using this option, it is possible to create different modes of open circuit of
coils for the test automatically.
/ To perform tests such as transformer wiring resistance test which needs a long time to charge the
winding of the transformer, the current starts increasing from zero and during this time, because of the
difference between the specified
current and the actual current injected by the device, there is error Other. So to make the test
practical it is necessary to disable the error “Other” so that the test can continue. Also, in this
test, it is possible that huge voltage
peaks occur momentarily; therefore to avoid stopping the test, the “Overvoltage” error of the binary
needs to be disabled as well. The last option on this page is “Start Time Ref. From This State”. To
better understand the function of
this option, suppose that there are two “States” and the first one is “330” milliseconds while the
second is “35” milliseconds. Normally, the first “State” is followed by the second “State” and the
signal is continuous. In this example,
if you zoom on the border of the two “States” in “Signal View”, you can view the continuity of the
signal. In this case, the time reference to determine the phase of the signals is the first “State”.
This is why even though in the second
“State” the “Il1” current phase is zero, its signal does not begin from zero. Now, by checking “Start
Time Ref. From This State” option, you can see that the time reference of the second “State” is changed
and considered from the beginning
of this “State”.
"SIGNAL VIEW" WINDOW PART 1 / The "signal view" window is used in all test pages, including "AMT
Sequencer", "AMT Distance", "AMT Differential", AMT Overcurrent", etc. In order to open this window, one
can use the "view" menu, the "signal
view" option, or the tool bar, "signal view" icon. The output voltage and current signals as well as the
status of the device "binaries" are shown in this window. In "setting" tab, this window setting is
performed. / / / Right clicks of
"signal view" window In order to zoom in or out along horizontal axis, click on "zoom" option and use
Zoom In + and Zoom Out -, respectively. Here, “Plus” is used to Zoom In +. In addition, you can also use
the + and - keys on the keyboard
or the Scroller. In order to zoom along vertical axis, hold down Ctrl and roll the mouse wheel. By doing
this, you can zoom in on the voltage diagram of group "A" and along "y" axis. This can also be done by
holding down the Ctrl key of
the keyboard and using the + and - keys. Using "Optimize" option, the diagram display can be optimized.
If the user intends to optimize the curves along horizontal axis, the "Optimize X-Axis" option or the X
shortcut key of keyboard can
be used. If one intends to optimize the curves along vertical axis, they should use the "Optimize
Y-Axis" option, or the shortcut Y on the keyboard. If the "Optimize all" option is selected, the whole
curve is displayed within the specified
time, and the diagrams are optimized in terms of both "x" and "y" axes. In the "view" option, you can
zoom in on the given diagram along "Y" axis, for example the voltage diagram of "A" group is set
on"100". Additionally, some values have
been written beside the coefficients of this list that are used to apply changes using the keyboard
buttons. Here, for example, it is observed that this diagram is shown along "Y" axis twice magnified
using voltage "A" group diagram and
by pressing "2" on the keyboard. In "signals" option, the displayed signals are shown in the
corresponding diagram. From this part, the user can hide the signal curve in the selected diagram by
unchecking the desired signal. For example
here the "V L1-E" signal is hidden in the diagram. Additionally, the user can also hide or show that
signal in the diagram by holding down "shift" key on the keyboard by clicking on the desired signal
name. For example, by holding down
"shift" and clicking on the "VL1-E" signal name, this signal can be added to the diagram. The "bold"
option is used to make the signals displayed on the diagram thicker, for example here by checking "V
L2-E", it can be observed that its
signal become "bold"; moreover, the line next to the signal name becomes "bold". By holding down "Ctrl"
key and clicking on the desired signal name, it can be displayed in "bold" state or the user can leave
this state. For example, by
holding down the "Ctrl" and clicking on the "VL2-E"signal name, this signal leaves the bold state.
Remember the options "View", "Signals", and "Bold" act differently for each diagram, for example, by
right clicking on group "A" voltage
diagram and adjusting the "view" on 200%, it is observed that the height of relevant voltage diagram
increases by 200%, but the height of the current outputs of group "A" diagram remains unchanged.
Additionally, by right clicking on the
group "A" voltage diagram and by opening "signal" and "Bold" options, it can be seen that only group "A"
voltage signals are shown. So if you want to use the "View", "Signals", and "Bold" capabilities for
current outputs of "A" group,
you should right click on the current diagram of group "A" and apply the required changes. In the
"diagram" option, the list containing all signals exists and the given signal can be selected to be
displayed in "signal view". Please consider
that here the signals used in test and enabled from "Hardware Configuration" can be selected. The group
"A" voltage outputs, group "A" current outputs, and the device binaries have been selected by default to
be displayed in the "signal
view". For further explanation, first go to "Hardware Configuration" to enable all voltage and current
outputs of the device; now if the "Voltage all" option is selected, all voltage outputs of groups "A"
and "B" are shown in a diagram.
Moreover, if the "Current all" option is selected, all current outputs of groups "A" and "B" are shown
in a diagram. If the user wants to have each of the voltage and current outputs in a separate diagram,
that signal should be enabled
here by checking it. For example the "IL1" and "IL2" signals are checked. It is observed that each of
the "IL1" and "IL2" signals are displayed in separate diagrams. Additionally, if the user needs to
display the current outputs of group
"B" in a diagram, the "current Group B" should be selected from this part. Each signal can be added to
or removed from this window in this way. If the user has made any changes in the way of displaying
signal lines, hiding signal, adding
or reducing signal, etc., by clicking on "Default View" option, all settings in this window will be
restored to default and the applied changes are removed.
“SIGNAL VIEW” WINDOW, PART 2 The following items “signal view” right clicks menu “Signal
properties”: This item is used for setting the display and color of signals in “signal view”. When you
click on it, “signal properties” page opens. Also,
you can open this window by double clicking “signal view”. The display and color of analog signals can
be set by “analog signals” tab. You can select the signal from “signal” frame. Here, “V L3-E” is
selected as an example. The selected
signal can be observed in the field “Name”. The selected signal cannot be changed. In “Line style”, the
user can select a style for signal curve display. Solid is the default style. However, the user can
change that in the existing dropdown
menu. The line thickness is set by “line width” that has a maximum value of 15 point. By clicking
“color”, you can select a color for signal line. “Marker type” is used for inserting a special geometric
shape along the signal path; the
geometric shape can be selected out of the shapes in the list. Here, “square” is selected for “V L3-E”.
Before leaving this page, any change in the signals can be observed in “preview” field. In the field
“space between markers”, the space
between the selected “markers” on the signal line can be set based on “pixel”. For example, “10px” is
selected on the space. On “preview” field, you can see some circles created on the signal curve; the
space between these circles is “10px”.
/ / The display style and color of binary signals are set in the “binary signals” tab. The signal is
selected from the “signal” menu, and the name is observed in the “name” field .Here, “Bin. Out 1” is
selected. The signal color is selected
from menu “color”. Here, orange is selected as the signal color. The changes in the signal can be
observed in “preview”. By clicking “OK”, the settings are applied on the signals. Note that in order to
retrieve the default settings of
signal display, you can click “reset to default” in “signal properties” window. / You can open “selected
signal lissasous” by clicking on it. In this window, the user can select two signals from the fields
“horizontal axis” and “vertical
axis” and display them terms of one another. For example, here the two signals “V L1-E” and “V L2-E” are
selected and displayed in terms of one another after clicking “Zoom all”. In the left toolbar, there are
some tools for making changes
in the curve. These tools are respectively used for displaying and hiding the toolbar, selecting the
pointer icon, undo and redo, zooming the curve, zoom all, zoom in, zoom out, and selection of pan mode
for moving the curve. / Note that
the user can press the mouse scroll and move “signal view” curves on the diagram. The window “go to time
signal view” can be opened by “Ctrl + G” keys. If the user wants to observe the signal at a specific
time, the considered time should
be specified in the field “specific time”. Also, in order to determine the signal between two points,
the user should specify the times in the fields “from” and “to” in “In range” section. For example, 0.5
second is inserted in “from”
and 0.8 second is inserted in “to”. You will see that the signals of voltage group “A” are displayed in
the specified range. / If the user has inserted several curves in “signal view” window, these curves can
be observed by using the keys
“up” and “down”. For instance, some curves are activated and can be seen by using the up and down keys.
“SIGNAL VIEW” SETTING, PART 1 At the top bar of this tab, there is a list of enabled signals in the
device inputs or outputs being enabled in “Hardware Configuration” window. each of these signals in
“Signal View” window, it should be selected
in this bar; Note that “Show Actual Value” should be set to see “Binary Input”. For example, “ voltage
group B” is enabled in “Hardware Configuration” window. Then, by enabling “ Binary Input” “C3” on “Trip”
signal and setting its “Show
Actual Value”, these signals are added to the list of enabled signals in order to display in “Signal
View” settings that the relevant signal can observed by selecting each one. / Since the voltage and
current outputs of Group “A” are enabled
in “Hardware Configuration” window, all voltage and current signals of Group “A” can be observed by
selecting “Voltage GroupA” and “Current GroupA”.These options can be displayed in this way if “B”
voltage and current groups are enabled;
in addition we can also have a specific graph for each phase by selecting each one of the phases.
“Voltage All” and “Current All” options represnet the voltage and current output signals of groups “A”
and “B” in a graph. “Digital” option
represents the status of receiving or not receiving “Binary Input” and “Binary Output” signals in a
specific graph. Fot this purpose, set the “State” time to 5 seconds in “Detail View” and “Trigger” is
set to 1 “C3” binary. After performing
the test, this binary is short circaited and you can see that receving the signal is shown on “C3”
binary in “Digital” graph. / In “General Setting”, the settings related to the display of signals is
performed. In Radio Button, displaying
the signal will be effectiove by selecting “RMS” in button radio, and the signal display will be
instantaneous by selecting “Inst”. / Two options “Period Time” and “Num. Of Period” in this section for
the “Actuals” being received from
the device. “Period Time” is used for indicating the time of a period and the default value is set
according to frequency, but you should change this manually by changing the frequency.”Num. Of Period”
is used for calculating the “RMS”
value based on the average number of several periods. As the number groes up, the longer it will take,
while the accuracy increases and there will be less fluctuations. By selecting “Live Scroll”, you can
easily observe the voltage or
current signal changes at any moment of the injection and the instantaneous signal changes. In order to
see this, a test will run on the zoomed signal and you can always observe the moment of injecting the
signal. By selecting “Highlight
Current State”, a part of the signal related to the current “State” is specified. In order to see this,
if another State is added, a part of the signal related to the current State will be highlighted. “Show
Time On Binary” displays the
time related to disconencting or connecting the output and input binaries to “Digital” graph. For
observing it, run the test , on which the time is shown by connecting and disconencting the “C3” binary.
/ In “Show Table”, the settings
related to “Cursors” and “Data Table” are made. First, you should enable Cursor and Data Table by
selecting them at the top of the table. In this table, up to three “Cursors” can be enabled in “Cursor”
column and Data Table can be used
for analyzing the signals. Remember to show the data in each “Cursor” in “Data Table” the related “Data
Table” column should be checked. In addition, three other rows specific to the difference between “C1”,
“C2” and “C3” cursors can be
enabled or disabled in “Data Table” column. After enabling “Cursor” and “Data Table” at the top of the
table, you will see a table and two “Trackbars” added to “Signal View” window.”Time” column represents
the time when the “Cursor” is
on it. In “Signal” column, a signal is dedicated to “Cursor”. “Value” column represents the signal
value, “RMS” column represents the effective signal value, “ Phase “ column shows the signal angle and
in “ Frequency “column, the test
frequency is displayed. / In “Extra Setting”, “Cursor” attaches to the moment of receiviong the digital
signal and increases the reading accuracy by “Snap” while “Cursor” is enabled and by approaching
“Cursor” to the moment of recording
the digital signal. In “Extra Options” and “Num. Of Points” field, the number of sampling points from
the signal is specified and if you can reduce this value, you will see that displaying the signal will
leave the full sinusoidal state.
“Refresh All” refreshes all computational sections in “Signal View” window.
“SIGNAL VIEW” SETTING, PART 2 The “Operation” part is used when the user decides to conduct a
computational operation on the existing signals. At first, the number of the required “Operations” is
entered and clicking on “Initiate” creates
the “Operations”. Here the number 3 was entered. A separate section is opened for each “Operation” and
the given “Operation” can be deleted by clicking on the red Cross mark in the corner of the box. / In
the “Operation Mode” part, it
is found that with what kind of signal the “Operation” is performed, analog or “Dry”! If “By Dry Value”
is selected, the active “Binary Inputs” are shown in the table At first in “Hardware Configuration” page
binaries “C3” & “C4” are enabled
that by using this option you can see the binaries and determine a value for them, here value “5” is
assigned for each of them.For each operation A “Calculated” option is added above “Setting” bar per
“Operation”. By checking this option,
the “Calculated” signal is displayed in “Signal View”. In this diagram, the values of the contacts that
are connected are aggregated and displayed in the diagram; this is used to test capacitive banks. For
example, you can observe that
the values are added in staircase by receiving the contacts “C3” and “C4”. / In the “Number of Signal”
part, the number of signals used in “Operation” shows that 2 or 4 signals can be selected. In the
dropdown field related to “Singnal
1” and “Singnal 2”, the given signals are assigned to them, and by checking “Advanced” option, a section
is opened in which the signal information, such as the signal unit, can be determined. Additionally, by
entering a value in “Coef.”
field, the given signal is affected by a factor, and in the “Name” field, a name can be determined for
signal. In the “Operation”dropdown field, the user determines the type of mathematical operation to be
performed between signals. In
the “Advanced” part of this field, a name can be determined for this action. / After the “Operation” is
specified, the “Add Time” part is added which can determine time intervals on the signal diagram. In
order to make it clear, at first,
the time state is set at 10 seconds in “detail view”, and the same intervals are determined on the
signal by specifying a time of, for example, 2 seconds in “Auto Add Time” part. If the user intends to
determine non-identical time intervals,
by selecting “Add Time” a window with the same name is opened, and some rows are added by right-clicking
upon it. The first column determines the “Operations” to be used for calculation of the values of this
row. In “Time” column, the
given time is selected. In “Value” column, the value of “Operation” in the given time is calculated. The
“Slope” column is the gradient column. In “Sig1” and “Sig2” columns, the values of signals at the given
time are determined. / / In
the “Show Signals” part, all parameters corresponding to the voltage and current in test are determined.
This part includes some columns and at the beginning of each, the name of the relevant parameter is
written. Each column contains
some options. By selecting each option, the name of its box is added at the top of the “Setting” tab,
and then, by checking this option, the corresponding “RMS”valus is displayed in the “Signal View”. /
When “Show Actual Value” option
of “Binary Inputs” is set, two parts are added to “Setting” and “Signal View”, for example by checking
“Binary-Input Target” option in the “Hardware Configuration” page and the “Binary/Analog Input” tab, all
“Binary Inputs” are enabled.
Then “Show Actual Value” option of one of them is set to “AC” or DC state and the “Show Actual Value”
option of all enabled binaries is set at “AC” state upon right-clicking upon it and selecting “Set all
Binary like this” option. You
can observe that all “Binaries” have been added to the bar above “Setting”. By checking each of them,
the corresponding signal can be seen in “Signal View”. In the “Select Graph For Actual Binary” part, you
can select other signals in
the proprietary graphs of each “Binary Inputs” whose “Show Actual Value” is enabled to be displayed. In
addition to displaying their signals, the “Binary Inputs” are also shown in the graph. This way, a
comparison can be made between the
“Binary Input” signal and other signal. For example, here we determine that in addition to displaying
trip signal, Start” and “VL1-E” signals are also shown in “C1” signal diagram. Additionally, the signal
name can be changed. Then by
selecting the name on the bar above “Setting”, the signals can be observed. / In “Binary Analog
Transformer” part, the user can aggregate the signal with a constant value, multiply it by a factor, or
apply a phase shift to it. The user
may intend to introduce another parameter by applying these factors to the given parameter, for example,
if the voltage signal is obtained by multiplying the current signal by 2 and aggregating it with value
3, the introduced parameter
will be voltage parameter by selecting the “Voltage” option. /
”VECTOR VIEW” WINDOW, PART 1 To open this window, “Vector View” option from the “View” menu should
be used and it is possible to open up to five “Vector Views” of simultaneously. By clicking on the right
arrow of “Vector View” icon from the
toolbar desired number of windows can be opened. Here, the first “Vector View” is opened. To better
explain this window, first, we close “Detail View” and “Measurement” view windows. In summary, on this
window it is possible to view current
and voltage input and output values in different modes. / / / “Signal”, “Magnitude”, the first harmonic,
phase, real value, imaginary values are displayed in “Signal”, “Magnitude”, “Harmonic 1”, “Phase”,
“Real” and “Imaginary” columns
respectively. Also, the arrow of signals can be made hidden in the “Show Arrow” column while the color
of arrows can be selected from “Color” column. Moreover, to add the frequency column to this table, by
right clicking in this area and
selecting “Table” from “Show/Hide” option, the frequency column is added to display the frequency of
signals. For example, “V L1-E” signal with a 63.51 volt range and a first harmonic value of 63.51, phase
value of 0, frequency of 50,
real value of 63.51 and imaginary value of 0 is depicted with a blue arrow. / Now, by changing the
status of “Show Arrow” to “False”, you can see that the vector of this signal is made hidden in “Vector
View”. To optimize the display of
“Vector View” vectors, right click on this section and check “Optimize”. If you want to manually
optimize the display of vectors, first you need to uncheck “Optimize” option and then optimize the
display of vectors from the related fields
at the corners of this page. / Also, if you want to add a signal to be displayed in “Vector View”, by
right clicking on the vector section of this window, you should select or remove your intended mode to
be displayed from the “Show” option.
By default, only “Output Value” and “Actual” are selected and phase voltage and current values of the
device are displayed. By unchecking “Output Value” and selecting “Line-Neutral”, you can see that in
addition to phase voltage and current
values, voltage and current values of neutral point are displayed in table and vector as well. / Also,
if you want to display line-line values of output voltage of the device, you should select “Line-Line”
from this list and check this
option. Then you will see that the values of line-line voltage of the device are displayed in the above
table and the vector display of them is displayed in the below vector. If you wish to see the
symmetrical current and voltages, select
“Symmetrical” option and by doing so you can see that the zero, negative and positive sequence values of
voltage and current and their vector view are displayed in the below table. / By selecting any of the
“Power Sv”, “Power Sa” and “Power
Sc” options, the value of power is calculated in accordance with the current and voltage of the test as
well as different calculation methods and then displayed in the related rows. For example, by selecting
“Power Sv”, you can see that
S1, S2 and S3 quantities are displayed in three rows. In “Magnitude”, “Phase”, “Real” and “Imaginary”
columns, the apparent power value, angle, active power and reactive power are displayed respectively.
Now, since here “Power Sv” is selected,
the power value of “Sv” is displayed according to the formulas in the box and after being calculated
according to vector method,it is displayed in “Sv” row. Also, in “PFv” section, the coefficient value of
apparent power is displayed.
/ / Now, if the user selects “PowerSa”, the power value of “Sa” is calculated using the calculation
method and according to the formulas in the box and then displayed in “Sa” field. In “PFa” field, the
coefficient of power is first calculated
using the same method and then displayed. / If “Power Sc” is selected, the value and coefficient of
power are calculated using the algebraic method and the displayed formulas and then displayed in “Sc”
and “PFc” rows. You should keep it
in mind that S1, S2 and S3 quantities are the same in all three methods and displayed on the vector.
Also, when the load is unbalanced, “Power Sc” method works better than the others and VƩ and IƩ
parameters refer to algebraic sum of voltages
and algebraic sum of currents respectively. Also, V and I parameters refer to current and voltage of the
system which are calculated in a four-phase system using the displayed formulas. /
“VECTOR VIEW” WINDOW, PART 2 Here we are going to introduce the other sections of the “Vector View”
page. To view the values related to current and fault voltage, the “Set Mode” in “Detail View” window
must be set on “Fault Values” or other
types of faults available in this drop-down list. By selecting “Fault Value”, “VFault” and “IFault” rows
are added to the table. It is possible to directly determine the value of these rows in “Vector View”. /
The next option is “Fault
Impedance” which is activated by selecting “Set Mode: Distance” in “Detail View” window. By selecting
“Set Mode: Distance” in “Detail View” and “Fault Impedance” option in “Vector View”, a new row named
“ZFault” is added to “Vector View”
table. Note that when this row is added, it is no more possible to modify “VFault” and “IFault” and
impedance fault is directly entered in “ZFault” row. “Angle for directional” option shows the angle
between currents and line and neutral
voltages which is suitable for analyzing directional over current tests. For this information to be
displayed, it is necessary to set “Set Mode” on “Overcurrent: I Test” in “Detail View” window. The next
option is “Differential”. “HW”
in front of this option means that this option is disabled due to “Hardware Configuration”. To solve
this, go to “Hardware Configuration” and activate all 6 current phases. / “Overcurrent: I test Vdir”
option is used for showing the current,
line voltage and the angle between these two. Note that to display these values in “Vector View”, “Set
Mode: Overcurrent: I test” needs to be selected in “Detail View”. “Voltages” and “Currents” options show
output voltages and currents
of the device in terms of different parameters including symmetrical voltage and current, neutral etc. /
“Powers” option shows the apparent power obtained from different methods. If you want to only view the
“Residual” voltage and current
in “Vector View”, you can use “Residual” option while to view the “Actual” values, “Actual” option is to
be used. “Text of Circle” and “Text of Vector” options are used to view the angles of the circle with 90
degrees step by step and
the name of each vector in the circle vector respectively.
“VECTOR VIEW” WINDOW, PART 3 Next, we make an increasing “Ramp” “State”, from 10 to 60 volts with 2
volts paces and a 1 amp current. Then in “Signal View” window, “Data Table” and 1, 2, 3 cursors are
activated and “V L1-E”, “V L2-E” and “V
L3-E” signals are assigned to “Cursor 1”, “Cursor 2” and “Cursor 3” respectively. / There are 5 states
in “Type” field. In “Normal” state, values are displayed in the table while performing the test. By
selecting “Orange”, an orange “Cursor”
appears at the top of the widow which is linked with “Cursor 1” in “Signal View” window and by moving
this “Cursor”, the time is displayed in “Time” field. You can see that by moving this “Cursor” the
signal values of all parameters are
displayed in the table of “Vector View” window and as a vector in vector graph of this window. Because
this “Cursor” is linked with the “Cursor1” from “Signal View” window and “VL1-E” is selected for
“Cursor1” signal, instantaneous and
effective values of “VL1-E” signal are displayed in “RMS” and “Value” rows in “Signal View” table
respectively. / Now, if the user selects “Blue” from the “Types” available in this field, this “Cursor”
turns blue and is linked with the
blue cursor which is “Cursor 2” in “Signal View” window. By selecting “Green” as “Type”, this “Cursor”
turns green and is linked with “Cursor 3” in “Signal View” table. So, it should be noted that in all
three “Types” including “Orange”,
“Blue” and “Green”, the values displayed in “Vector View” table are similar and only the “Cursor” link
of this window changes along with the “Cursors” in “Signal View” window for viewing the instantaneous
and “RMS” values of the intended
signal. If “Time” is selected from the available “Types”, a field named “Time” appears at the top of the
page and by entering the intended time, values of signals’ parameters are displayed in “Vector View”
window and their vector is displayed
at the bottom of this page. / In “Reference Signal” field, it is possible to select a signal as the
reference in “Vector View” window. By default, this is set at “None”. This means that if the voltage of
phase 1 has a 60 degrees angle
and the other phases are symmetrical, no signal is considered as the reference and based on what
determined in “Detail View”, “V L1-E” and “IL 1” begin with 60 and 0 degrees angles respectively and the
other signals are displayed with
a 120 degrees phase difference. Now, if “Reference Signal” is set at “VL1-E”, you can see that “VL1-E”
signal begins with a 0 angle and the other signals are displayed in this window with a 120 degrees phase
difference. Since there is
a 60 degrees phase difference between current and voltage in “Table View”, currents are displayed here
with a 60 degrees phase difference. Also, if displaying the line is activated in the window, by checking
“Show VLL from zero” option,
you can see that the vector view of them is displayed from zero in the vector graph of this window. / If
you want to perform “Zoom In” or “Zoom Out” on “Vector View” window, after right-clicking on vector
section of this window, first
you need to uncheck “Optimize” option, then, “Zoom” option is activated and you can “Zoom In” or “Zoom
Out” by using this option. Moreover, if you wish to change the color of this page, by using “Colors”
option, you can change “Background”,
“Foreground” and “Helper Line” colors. For example, here, we change the “Background” color to blue,
“Foreground” color to black and “Helper line’ to green. To revert the settings to default, select
“Default Colors” from this section. /
“MEASUREMENT VIEW” WINDOW, PART1 In reletion the “sequencer” windows, the “Measurement View” window
would be explained in this video. This window is used to evaluatthe test results and some criteria
determineg for the “Pass” or “Fail” of the
test. Note that evaluation can be performed before or after the test then the results rvaluated. To
explain this section three “states” of “Prefault”, “Fault” and “Postfsult” are created in the
“TableView” that the followed voltages are
injected:” in “Prefault”, content voltage of 10 V for two seconds; in the “Fault” state, the voltage
will increase from 10 V to 15 V as “continuous Ramp” in 10 seconds and in “Postfault” the 0 V for one
second. / / “Time Assessment” tab
The “Measurement View” window has some tabs that each one evaluates a special item. In the “Time
Assessment” tab, an event time is evaluated in the test this event is received by a signal from “Trip”
or “Pick Up” from a relay or logic
with a combination of various conditions. In this tab, some rows is “added” and multiple time
evaluations can be performed. In the “Name” column, a name, for example, “Trip Time” can be inserted for
evaluation. Since it’s possible that
a “Trip” signal can be recorded in different times, in the “Ignore before” and “Ignore after” a General
range from the test “States” are selected so the time evaluation of these events are performed in this
range. For example, by selecting
the “State :Fault”, all the events before the “Fault” “state” would be ignored in the “Ignore before”
column. In the same way, by selecting the “State” in the “Ignore after” column, all the events after the
“Fault” “state” are ignored.
In the “Start” column, the time reference and in the “Stop” column, the event that is meant to be
evaluated is specified. Here, receiving the “start” signal are selected from binary 4 as the reference
and receiving the “Trip” contact as
the binary3 would be selected as the intended event for time evaluation. Note that, there exists an
option named as “Logic” in the “Start” and “Stop” columns that by right-clicking on it and selecting the
“View Custom Setting”, a logic
with the combination of various conditions for evaluation start time reference and final conditions of
evaluation time calculation would be specified. In the “TNom” column, the expected nominal time of
“Start” and “Stop” enters and in
the “TDev+” and “TDev-” columns, the positive and negative tolerances are entered that could be
different from each other. / Here, to evaluate the test, a nominal time of three seconds, a positive
tolerance of two seconds and a negative
tolerance of one second are entered. After running the test and recording the results in the table, the
real-time of the event is specified in the “TAct” column that is about 3.623 seconds and its deviation
from the “TNom” is recorded
as a percentage in the “TDev” column. In the “Assessment” column, the evaluation is performed that if
the “Tact” time is in the defined range of Tnom-TDev- to Tnom+TDev+, the evaluation is “Passed” and if
it is not in this range the evaluation
is “Failed”. Here, because the 3.623 seconds are located in the range of 2 to 5 seconds, the test is
passed. In the “user comment” column, you can enter your desired notes. / In the right-clicks of this
section, by selecting the “Copy”
option, the information of an evaluation row could be copied and by “Pasting” it, a new row with the
information is created. By selecting the “Add” option, a blank row is added to the evaluation table. By
selecting the “Insert before”
and “Insert After” a blank row is added before and after the selected row and other time evaluations can
be defined in these rows. The “Delete” will delete the selected row. / The last option in this section
is the “Show/ Hide” option
that is composed of two “Table” and “Report” options. There exists a list in the “Table” and “Report”
sections that are exactly the same as the evaluation table columns. By unchecking each of them, that
column would be deleted from the
“Table” in the “Measurement View” or the “Report” section.
“LEVEL ASSESSMENT” TAB One of the tool for evaluating the binary inputs that should be preserved
during the test is “level assessment”. In “level assessment” tab, the binary situation of the device
inputs can be assessed at the start of a
“state”. An example is provided for this process. / First three “states” are created in the window
“table view”. Then, the range of voltage signals are inserted as “30” v in “state1”. The value of “4”
seconds is inserted in the “trigger”
field. Then, the value of “10” v is inserted in “state2” and its time is set as “3” second. The value of
“30” v is inserted in “state3” and its time is set as “4” seconds. / In the following, by clicking
“hardware configuration” in the
tab “analog out”, current signals become deactivated. The binary inputs 3 and 4 can be activated in the
tab “binary/analog input” in “binary-input target”; then, they are assigned a name. Here, the type of
binary inputs is set as “dry”.
/ Then in the window “measurement view”, click on the tab “level assessment”. In this tab by clicking
“state name”, the names of the existing “states” are inserted in “table view”. This name is uneditable.
Note that in this tab, you cannot
add a line manually. In the “level assessment” tab, the right click tool is deactivated, and for every
“state” in the window “table view”, a line has been created in this tab. So, the number of assessments
in this section depends on the
number of “states” existing in the “table view” window. س / The result of assessment is presented in the
“assessment” column. The value of time tolerance for assessment of the zero or one level of the binary
input is entered into the column
“tolerance”. It can be simply stated that assessment of the level of each signal at the right and left
sides of the starting point of each state depends on the value of time tolerance specified in this part.
Suppose that the value of 30
ms is inserted as the tolerance of a binary input, the figure presents the schematic level assessment of
the signal of this binary input. As it is obvious, level assessment at the two sides of state2 is done
by a time tolerance of 30 ms
in order to check the condition specified for this assessment; for example the level of the binary input
should be equal to 1. As assumed, if the considered condition is that the level of Trip signal should be
equal to 1 for state2, the
result of assessment will be passed. / Specifying the binary levels In the “level assessment” tab, the
number of binaries defined in “hardware configuration”, column is added with the same name. In this
part, you can set the level one
or zero regardless of the binary level condition that is X. In this film, the goal is the assessment of
the level one of the binary 3 Trip in “state2”. Suppose that the level of binary 3 before and after the
second “state” is equal to
one for “40” ms and assessment result is pass. For this purpose, the value of “40” ms is inserted in
“state2” in the field “tolerance”, and the level one is inserted in the field “Trip” binary 3. A comment
about the assessment can be inserted
in “user comment” that is also used in the output report. Then run the test. After the test, assessment
is done and the result is presented in “assessment”. As seen in “signal view”, before and after the
“state2”, binary one has been preserved
for at least “40” ms. So, the result of assessment is “pass”. /
“RAMP ASSESSMENT” TAB The “Ramp Assessment” tab is used for evaluating a signal in case special
condition in the test. For example, if a relay picks up, the current amplitude is assessed and
evaluated. Note that this evaluation is used only
for the “States” of the “Ramp” type. For better explanation, three states are generated in such a way
that the first state is adjusted as “Normal” with the voltage of 5 V for two seconds, the second “State”
is adjusted as “Step Ramp” from
5 V to 20 V with 1 V steps and the third “State” is adjusted as “Step Ramp” from 30 V to 50 V with 2 V
steps. In addition, in the first column a name, for example, Ramp will be entered for evaluation. / In
the “Ramp State”, the intended
“State” is selected from the “states” of the “Ramp”. Note that because this evaluation is only for the
“Ramp” type “States”, the first “State” that is as “Normal” type is not shown in this field and from the
states of two and three, the
“State 2” will be selected for evaluation. In the “condition” column, a condition is specified for
evaluation that here, the intended condition is specified as receiving the “Trip” signal from one
binary. Also, in the “Signal” column,
the intended parameter for evaluation is selected. For example, the “VL1-E” is selected. It means that
the “VL1-E” voltage is evaluated when the trip signal is received. If you want to evaluate other signals
simultaneously, you have to
the right-click, select the “Add” option and create other columns and define another evaluation. Other
existing options in the right-click section has been explained in previous videos. In the “Signal Type”
column, you have to set the
evaluation to be performed on what parameter of the selected signal. Here, the “Amplitude” is selected.
In the “Nom” column, the intended value of the amplitude in the time of term happening is specified. For
example, this value is set
to be 40 V. in the “Dev+” and “Dev-“ columns, the positive and negative tolerances are entered in which
can be different from each other. Here, to observe the performance of this section, the positive and
negative tolerances of 2 V and
3 are, respectively. / By running the test, in the time of receiving the “trip 0-1” signal by third
binary of the device, the actual value of amplitude of the “VL1-E” signal is shown in the “Act” column
in which its deviation from the
nominal value in the “Dev” column is about 42 In the “Assessment column, the evaluation result specifies
that if the “Act” value is located in the allowable range i.e. Nom- Dev- to Nom+ Dev+, the assessment
result will be “Passed”, otherwise
it would be “Failed”. Here, because the value of 42 is in the range of 37 V to 42 V, this evaluation
will be “Passed”. In the “T Act” column, the “Trip” signal receiving time is specified and recorded by
the device that here, this time
is about 3.39 seconds. Also, in the “T Act Final Step” column, the receiving time of the “Trip” signal
is recorded from the last step of the “Ramp”, which here is about 399.2mili seconds. In addition, if you
want to define a “comment”
for your assessment, you can enter your intended comment in the “Use Comment” column. /
“VALUE ASSESSMENT” TAB: In this tab, you can evaluate a parameter from the intended signal in a
specified time first a “Step Ramp” with voltage from 55 V to 65 V with 1 v and 40msecond steps has been
created. In the “Name” column, you can
select a name, for example, “Voltage”, for assessment. you Also, have to select the “State” in the
“Reference State” column, and the intended signal in the “Signal” column for assessment, which “State 1”
and “VL3-E” will be selected, respectively.
/ In the “signal Type” column, you have to adjust which parameter should be evaluated. Here, this
parameter will be selected as “Amplitude” so the amplitude of the “V L3-E” signal in the assessment time
will be measured and evaluated.
Now, the specified time for assessment should be entered in the “Time” column that here, 200 ms will be
selected. In the “Nom” column, the expected value for the amplitude of the selected parameter is
specified, which here, the expected
value for the “V L3 E” phase voltage should be adjusted. For example, here, the voltage is set to be 60
V. in addition, in the “Dev+” and “Dev-” columns, the positive and negative tolerances are entered. Note
that these tolerances can
be different from each other. Therefore, the positive tolerance and negative tolerance are entered as 1
V and 0.5 V, respectively then "run" the test. / After completing the test, the actual value of the “V
L3 E” signal amplitude is shown
in the “Act” column. Also, its deviation from the expected value is specified in the “Dev” column in
percentage, which here is zero percent. In addition, the assessment result will be specified in the
“Assessment” section. If the “Act”
value is in the allowable range of tolerance, i.e. Nom – Dev- to Nom + Dev+, the assessment result is
passed. Otherwise, it is “failed”. You see that because the “Act” value is in the range of 60.5 V to 61
V, this assessment has been considered
as “Passed”. In addition, if you want to define a “comment” for your assessment, you can enter your
intended comment in the “Use Comment” column. /
“CALCULATED ASSESSMENT” TAB In the “Calculated Assessment” tab of the “Measurement View” window, the
mathematical operation can be performed between the assessments to create a new assessment and evaluate
the test. It means that in this tab,
a new parameter can be created in the specified mathematical operation that is performed for the
“Actual” values of the assessments, and the parameter can be evaluated by the “Act” values that are
selected from the “Ramp Assessment” and
“Value Assessment” tabs. After specifying the name for the assessment, the intended mathematical
operation in the “Calc” column will be selected. In the “X” and “Y” columns, one of the performed
assessments will be selected in the “Ramp
Assessment” and “Value Assessment”. Note that, the values that are positioned in the “X” and “Y” columns
are in fact, the “Act” value of the performed assessments entered in these columns. For simpler
separation of the evaluation names,
the two letters of “V” and “R” that represent the “Value Assessment” and “Ramp assessment” are used. /
In the “Nom” column, the expected nominal value and in the “Dev+” and “Dev-” the positive and negative
tolerances will be entered. The
true result of the selected mathematical operation in the “Calc” column will be shown in the “Act”
column and its deviation from the expected value will be shown in the “Dev” column and in percent. In
the “Assessment” column, the result
of the created assessment will be specified. If the “Act” value is in the allowable range, the result of
the assessment will be “Passed” with a green-colored sign. Otherwise, it will be “Failed” with a
red-colored cross. In the “User Comment”
column, you can enter your comment if you have any. In this test, in the “Ramp Assessment” tab, an
assessment with the name of “Voltage” is performed for the “V L1-E” voltage that will be entered in the
“X” column. In addition, in the
“Value Assessment,” an evaluation with the name of “Current” is performed for the “IL1” that will be
entered in the “Y” column. In the “Calc” column, the “X/Y” operation is selected. As you know, by
dividing the voltage to current, resistance
will be calculated. Therefore, the mane of this assessment is entered as “Resistance”. After specifying
the “X” and “Y” columns values, the “Act” value is shown. In the “Nom” column, the nominal values are
15.7 and the “Dev+” and “Dev-”
values are entered as 0.5. you can see that the “Act” is about 0.26 percent different from the nominal
value specified by the user and the assessment is “Passed”. /
"TRANSIENT ASSESSMENT" TAB The "Transient Assessment" section is used to assessing the "States" that
are designed for testing the "Transient". In this section, a received contact by the device from the
relay can be time-compared to the binary
signal in the "Comtrade" file. A sample of the application of this "Assessment" is to compare the
performance of the relay while applying the signals of transient file so the user would understand that
whether or not the relay has a similar
function while a fault occurs. / In the "Measurement View" window, the "Transient Assessment" tab, a
name is inserted for assessment in the "Name" field so better feedback is obtained from the specified
item. In the "Transient" field,
the intended "State" is selected. Remember only the name "States" which are "Transient" type are
displayed in this field. In the "signal" field, a binary signal is selected for comparison with the
reference signal from the "Comtrade" signal.
In this field, the list of all the binaries activated in the "Hardware Configuration" is displayed that
one of them should be selected. In the "Reference Signal" field, the reference signal is selected from
the "Comtrade" file. By clicking
on this field, all the existing binary signals in the loaded "Comtrade" file are displayed. In the "T
Dev. -" field, the negative time tolerance related to the digital signal edge is specified and imported
in the "Comtrade" file. In the
"T Dev. +" field, the positive time tolerance related to the digital signal edge is specified and
imported in the "Comtrade" file. The result of the assessment after running the test will be displayed
in the "Assessment" field. The green
color means the test is "Passed" and the red color meant that the test is "Failed". In the "User
Comment" field, a message can be written about the test, before and after the test which is used in the
output report. By right-clicking on
the "Transient Assessment" the tabs and options are displayed that are similar to right-clicking on the
"Time Assessment" tab, which was comprehensively explained in the previous educational videos Time
Assessment. The assessment in this
tab is defined according to the comparison of the signal with the reference signal. For assessment, if
both the signals are identical in the specified time period and have a similar status, then the
assessment will be "Passed". Otherwise,
the assessment is "Failed" showing that the relay didn’t have a similar performance while importing
error and had another status. // To do this at first, some adjustments should be performed in some
windows. In the following, an example
of the test will be discussed. At first, the "Transient" state will be selected in the "Detail View"
window and by clicking on the "Import Comtrade…" file, the transient state of the "Micom P441" relay is
loaded. Then, by clicking on the
"Current State" option from the toolbar, all the active and inactive binaries existing in the "Comtrade"
file and the voltage and current signals are displayed. In the following, by checking the "Calculate RMS
…", the software calculates
the effective values and the phases of the signals. // Subsequently, from the "Detail View" window and
"Binary out" tab, each of the existing signals in the "Comtrade" file that should be tested and assessed
should be ascribed to a "Binary
Output" and selected as the reference signal. In this video, two "ZONE1" and "ANY TRIP" signals are
ascribed to "binary out" 1 and "Binary Out" 2, respectively and the reception of trip signal from the
relay signal is compared to "ZONE1"
signal to be assess. / In the "Hardware Configuration" window, "Binary / Analog Input" tab, binary 1
with the name of “Trip" is connected to the relay trip contact for comparison with the active reference
signal. In the "Transient Assessment"
tab, in the "Name" field a name for example "trip1" is inserted for assessment. The "State1" that is a
transient state is selected in the "Transient State". In the "Reference Signal", the reference signal
that is selected in the "Binary
Output" is inserted ZONE1 and the "Trip" signal is selected in the "Signal" field for comparison. In the
"T Dev. -" and "T Dev. +" time tolerance "3" is inserted. In order to observe the "Binary Input" status,
the "All State" option are
selected from the toolbar and the test is executed so the fault is applied to the relay. Finally, in the
"Signal View" the relay has the same performance as the reference signal, which is defined as the
"Binary Output1", and the assessment
result is "Passed". / //
RUNNING THE TEST After designing the test in each room, run the test. Here, the "Pick up", "Drop
off" test is designed for the three-phase state in the "overcurrent" relay. In this test, the "CT"s
turns ratio is set to be 1/1000 and the "Pick
up" current of the relay is set to be 2 A. In addition, binary inputs 1 and 2 of the device are
activated to receive the "Trip" and "Pick up" signals of the relay. To perform the "Pick up" test, a
"State" with the name of "Pick up" and
as increasing "Ramp" type is designed, in such a way that the three-phased current increases from 800 mA
to 3 A each 500 ms with the 50 mA steps in the stepwise state. To end the "Pick up" test, in the
"Trigger" tab, the binary condition
of "C2:Start", "0-˃1" is adjusted. The intended "State" for the "Drop off" test is designed as a
decreasing "Ramp" type from 3 A to 800 mA in such a way that it decreases 50 mA each 500 ms in the
stepwise state. In this "State", the condition
for the test end is adjusted to be "C2:Start", "1-˃0" so if the relay "Drops" the test would end.
Remember that in the "Detail View" window from the state related to the "Drop off" test, you can check
the "Continue Last State Amplitude"
so immediately after the first state ends the current amplitude of the second state would start from the
previous value in the first state as "Ramp" type until the relay drops. By doing this, the test duration
decreases. // // / For this
test, in the "Measurement View" window, several assessments are designed for analyzing the actual values
of "pick up" and "Drop". In the first row, the actual value of the "Pick up" current related to the
first phase is evaluated. To do
this, in the "Ramp State", the " S1: Pick up" is selected, the intended condition for assessment is "C2:
Start 0-˃1", the intended signal is "I L1", and the parameter type for assessing this signal is selected
in the "Signal Type" as "Amplitude".
Now, because the "Pick up" current is 2 A, two is inserted in the "Nom" column that the relay should
pick up this current in ideal condition. In addition, the "Dev+" and "Dev-" columns the 100 mA
tolerances are selected for assessment.
The assessment of phase two and three picks up current is performed in the same way in the second and
third-row only with this difference that in the "Signal" column related to these two assessments the "I
L2" and "I L 3" signals are selected.
/ Also, in the fourth row, the actual "Drop" current of the phase one is assessed. For this reason, the
"Ramp State" is adjusted on "S2: Drop off" and in the "Condition" column, the "C2: Start 1-˃0"
condition, is selected for "I L1" signal.
For this assessment, the intended parameter in the "Signal Type" has been selected as "Amplitude". Now,
because the current amplitude of the relay "Drop" is 1.9 A, in the "Nom" column, the 1.9 A with 50 mA as
positive and negative tolerances
is adjusted. Remember that the current drop assessment in phases two and three are performed in the same
way with this difference that in the "Signal" column, the "I L2 " and "I L3" phases are selected. To run
the test, you have to click
on the "Start" icon in the "Toolbar" section of the software. You can then see that at first, the first
state that is designed for "Pick up" test is executed and after applying the trip signal and meeting the
specified condition in the
"Trigger" tab, the second state is executed and tested. Besides, you can use the "Test" menu or "F5" key
on the keyboard to run the test. In order to apply the changes in the designed states and also re-run
the test, you have to "Clear"
the previous test results using the "Clear Test" icon in the "Toolbar". Now, by clicking on the
red-colored cross icon you see that this test is "Cleared" and the icon related to "Start" is activated.
Furthermore, using the "F4" on the
keyboard the test can be "cleared". If you want some specified "States" to be executed from the designed
"States" in the "Table View", you have to check them in the "Table View" window or by clicking on the
right-side arrow of the "Start"
icon, by selecting the "Start Selected State", run the selected "States". By selecting the "Start
Unselected State" option the unselected "States" are executed. In addition, if you want to stop the test
while its performing, you have to
click on the "Stop Test" or press "F6". For example, by checking the second "State" by clicking on the
right-side arrow of the "Start" icon, the "Start Selected State" is selected and you see that only the
second "State" is executed. Now,
by clicking on the "Stop Test" icon, this "State" end and the current injection is halted before meeting
the specified conditions in the "Trigger" tab. / /
START-CONDITION-REPETITION" WINDOW By clicking on the "View" menu and selecting the
"Start-Condition-Repetition" option, or by clicking on its icon from the toolbar this window opens. In
the "Start Condition" tab, the test conditions can be
specified. If you want the test to be run immediately after clicking on the "Start" icon, you have to
select the "Immediately" radio button. After selecting this option in Status bar, the St. Cond. is set
on the "Immediately" and after
running it the test stars immediately there is no delays exist between clicking on "Start" and "Run".
Please remember that the software default is this option. / / If you want the test to be run after
receiving the contact by one of the
binaries, you have to select the "On Binary Input" option. By selecting this option, its right side
option is selected that you have to select the intended binary in it to start the test. In this field,
the activated binaries are shown
in the "Hardware Configuration". For example, the "C2: Start" is selected, now in the statusbar, the
"St. Cond." has been set on the BI.2-Start. After clicking on the "Start" icon, you see that because not
receiving the contact by the
"C2" binary, the test has not been executed, now by receiving the contact by this binary, the test runs.
The third method to start and run a test is the use of a "GPS" antenna. By selecting the "On GPS", a
test could run according to the
"GPS" clock. One of the applications of this option is in the longitudinal differential or "End to End"
tests. To run the test using this option, the socket of the "GPS" antenna should be connected to the
rear part of the "AMT105" device
and the antenna is located in open space. By clicking on the "Start Sync" option, the "sync" process of
the device with the satellite begin and in the "GPS Status:" field shown in the figure the "GPS" status
is shown. By "Syncing" of the
device and software in the "GPS Status:" field, the "GPS is Sync" term is shown. In addition, in status
bar, the St. Cond. is set on the GPS Sync. Also, in the status bar, GPS time error is displayed in the
"Time Error" section. Please
remember that this number should be less than 1000 ns. The tester time is displayed online in this
toolbar. In the "Satellite Signal Level History" section, the number of satellites and the strength of
each signal is shown. If the number
of satellites and the signal strength is proper, the phrase "Detected" is displayed in the "Time Pulse"
field and the device receives the "GPS" signals. Then, the device should be able to synchronize its time
with the received signals
from the "GPS". The date and time of the tester are specified in the "Date and Time Tester" section that
this time should be identical with the time of the "GPS" in the "Data and Time GPS" field. / / / In the
32 bits windows, if the tester
time is not the same as the time of your personal computer, you can use the Set Windows" "Time GPS Win
X86 so the time of your computer become identical with the "GPS" time. Using the "Next Full" and "Start
Time" options, how and when
the test run are selected. Using the "Next Full", after selecting this option, you have to specify the
time between the sequential tests for the "Shot test" from the drop down list. For example, if you have
several test points in the differential
test, by selecting the "10 Second", the GPS, by considering the injection time of the device, starts to
count down in 10 s cycles and in case of existence of untested point, when the inverse counter reaches
zero, the next point is tested.
Using this option, the start time for the "End to End" tests might not be the same. To solve this
problem, you have to start the test using the "Start Time". Remember this time is the time that the
device adjusts with the "GPS". Remember
in this method, only the first point is tested and the rest won’t. For these kinds of tests, the "Next
Full" and "Start Time" should be simultaneously checked so the first point start with the "GPS" clock
and the next points would run
with the "Next Full" method. For example, if in the differential room and for "End to End" test you have
got four test points and want to run the test at the same time with another point, you have to set the
"Start Time" on a special time,
for example, 17:47:30 and also, set the "Next Full" on 10 seconds. The first point is tested in the
specified time and the next points are tested during the specified time period in the "Next Full". You
also see that in the status bar,
the test time of each point and the remaining time until the next intended test point will be displayed
in the "Start" and "Left Time" sections, respectively. In the "Data" section, the data about the "GPS"
time, test location, etc. are
shown. In the "Data and Time GPS" field, the time and data received from "GPS" are displayed. In
addition, after that the "Sync" ends, the tester time is recorded in the "Date and Time Tester" field.
Remember this time should be identical
with the time recorded in the "Date and Time GPS". Also, the geographical width and length of the test
location are displayed in "Latitude" and "Longitude" fields, respectively and added to the test report
to be used, the exact location
of the test could be found on the map. In addition, in this section, in the "Altitude" section, the
"GPS" amplitude with respect to the base level are displayed. In the "Fix Mode", "PDOP" and "HDOP"
fields, various models of the location,
location precision and altitude precision are displayed. In the satellite field, the number of
satellites used for settings are displayed. If the device receives the sent pulses from the “GPS”, in
the "Time Pulse" field the word "Detected"
is displayed. But if these signals are not received, the word "Not Detected" is displayed. In addition,
in the "Satellite Signal Level" window, the signals receiving level from the "GPS" are displayed and in
the "Satellite Signal Level
History", the number of satellites and the signal strength related to various satellites are displayed.
"Repetition"Tab Since this tab is active only in the "AMT Sequencer" room and inactive in other rooms,
at first, the "AMT Sequencer"
room opens and the descriptions related to this section are presented in the "Start
Condition-Repetition" window. This tab is active only in the "AMT Sequencer" room and is inactive in
other rooms. This tab is used for repeating a test
for the desired number of times. The number of test repetitions are inserted in the "Number of
Repetition" field that the test can run for a maximum of 1000 times. For example, here, the number five
is inserted so the test would be repeated
five times. Also, if the user wants to make a delay between each test repetition, he can enter this time
as a delay in the "Time between Repetitions". For example, here, the 1 second is inserted and the test
"RUN". You see that the intended
test runs five times and with the time intervals of 1 second. /
“REPORT VIEW” WINDOW PART 1 After performing the test, the results of the test need to be saved in
form of an output file through “Report View” window. To open “Report View” window, you need to click on
“Report View” option from “View” menu
or click on the icon of this window from the toolbar. On this window, the report is viewable in two
forms of “HTML” and “PDF” and as default the report is displayed as “HTML”. / / / To view the report as
a “PDF” file, you should click
on “PDF” radio button. To export the output from this window you need to click on “Export Report” option
or save the report as a “PDF” file on your computer by clicking on “Export Report” from “File” menu.
Right-click options of “Report
View” window Using the “Export Report” option you can extract the report from the software as a “HTML”
or “Doc” file and save it in your desired directory. By clicking on “Report Setting” option, a window
with the same name opens. From
“AMProStateSequencer” tree diagram, you can specify what to be included in the “Report”. You can select
from “Short”, “Long” and “Custom” options for the mode of the report in the field at the top of the
window. / / In “Short” mode, the
software provides the user with a short output file containing the test parameters. For example, you can
see that in “Abstract” subcategory, only the results of the test and “Test Module” information which is
the test device information
are included in the “Report”. But in “Long” mode, the user is provided with a “Long” report of the test.
You can see that by selecting this mode in the “Abstract” subcategory, in addition to “Test State” and
“Test Module”, “Comment” and
“Tested By” options are checked which refer to the comment written in the “States” of the software and
the name of the performer of the test respectively. Also, if the user manually selects any of the
parameters to be included in the report,
they enter the “Custom” mode. In summary, in the “Abstract” subcategory, a summary of the information
regarding the “State” specified for the test including the result of the test, day, date and location of
the performed test, test device
information, comments and the name of the performer of the test which can be selected to be added to the
“Report”. Also, in “Test Object – General Data” subcategory, information regarding the “Device” section
and the parameters specified
in “CB Configuration” from the “Test Object” window are available to be selected. For example, you can
see that by checking “Other RIO Function” option, the values specified in “CB Configuration” section are
added to “Report” window. Also,
in “Test Object” subcategory the information related to the system including parameters of the system,
time tolerances and grounding factor from distance block as well as protective zones of distance block
settings etc. are available to
be selected. For example, by checking “System Setting”, you can see that system parameters, tolerances
and grounding factor specified in “Test Object” window, are added to the report.
“REPORT SETTING” WINDOW PART 2 In “Hardware Configuration” subcategory, name of the device, hardware
status of the device, binary and voltage output status, “Input” binaries status, “Output” binaries
status and “AUX DC” voltage status are
selected to be added to the “Report”. For example, by checking “Analog Outputs” option, you can see that
the wiring and activeness or inactiveness status of every voltage and current output is added to the
“Report”. By checking “Link XRIO
References” option, if the value of a parameter in a “State” is linked to a specific parameter in
“XRIO”, it is mentioned in the “Report”. “I L1” current is linked to “CT” secondary current in “Device”
section and then “Link XRIO References”
option is checked. You can see that its information is added to the “Report”. / / By opening “Test
Setting”, you can see that its three subcategories including “State Group”, “Type Details” and “Start
Test Condition” which are the settings
related to “States”, their types and test start conditions are located in this section. “State Group”
subcategory includes items related to “Detail View” window. If type of any of the “States” is something
other than “Normal”, in “Type
Detail” section it is possible to add their details to the “Report”. To do this, by opening any
subcategory of this section, for example “Ramp Detail”, you can select any section of “State Type”
settings to be displayed in the “Report”.
In “Start Test Condition” section, it is possible to select the specified start condition of the test to
be displayed in the “Report”. / In “Test Result” section, you can select the results of your test which
may include assessments, time
of the test, signal waveform status in “Signal View”, vector view of device voltages and currents in
“Vector View” etc. to be displayed in the “Report”. Note that in “All State” subcategory you can specify
the items you wish to be displayed
in the “Report” for all of the “States”. Before selecting the options available in “Current State”,
first you need to determine the intended “State” and then by going to this subcategory, select the items
of this “State” that you wish
them to be displayed in the “Report”. / If extra items such as “Operation” are specified for the test,
you can select them to be displayed in the “Report” from “Extra Test Result” section. In “Show
Calculated” subcategory, you can select
the items related to the “Operations” specified in “Signal View” settings to be displayed in the report.
If you have specified a lissajous diagram for the test, by selecting “Knee point” and “lissajous” and
its subcategories, you can add
them to the report. / /
ADVANCED SETTINGS OF “REPORT” PART 1 On “Report Setting” window, it is possible to change the view
type of “Report View” window by using “HTML” and “PDF” options. Also, by using the “Scroller” of this
section, it is possible to navigate through
different pages of the report and view the applied changes. Note that “Scroller” is only available in
“HTML” mode. / By clicking on “Advanced” button, the advanced settings page opens on the right side of
this page. By using “Export Settings”,
you can save an output “sqrs” file containing the settings and if necessary, it is possible to “Load”
the setting in the software by using “Import Settings” button and have an output report with the saved
settings. This feature is useful
when you intend to perform a “Clear Cache” on the software because by doing so, the current settings are
removed and “Reset” to default settings of the software. So, before clearing the “Cache”, you can export
your settings and after clearing
the cache import it to the software. / / By using “Save to Template” button, it is possible to save the
current settings as a “Template” in the software and when necessary “Load” it by using the “Load from
Template” button. Also, if any
changes have been made to the report, to reset the settings to default settings of the software, you
should click on “Reset to Default” button. In “General Setting” section, the general settings including
numbering headers, showing the
characteristics curve guidelines, framing of the texts in the report, showing tolerances, as well as
showing the binaries which have been set on condition “X” are adjusted. For example, you can see that by
checking “Show border”, a dotted
line border is added around the texts of the report in “Test State” and “Test Module” sections. / In
“Font Setting” section, the font sizes of “Header” and “Body” are adjusted in pixels. “Header” and
“Body” are, by default, set on 12 and
11 pixels here. In “Image Setting” section, it is possible to add size of the characteristics curve of
the test, size of “Signal View” picture diagrams and size of “Vector View” diagrams in “Characteristics”
field, “Signal” field and “Vector
View” field respectively. / / For example, here the picture size of “Signal View” is set on the half of
its default size which is 300 pixels. Now, you can see that the size of the picture is changed to half
of its previous size on this
window. Moreover, if you intend to change the format of the pictures added to the report, you can select
your intended format from the list available in “Image Type” section.
ADVANCED SETTINGS OF “REPORT” PART 2 In “Margin Setting” section, it is possible to set all four
margins of the text. In “Document Setting” section, by checking “Insert page number”, you can insert
page numbers on report pages. Also, by checking
“Insert page break before main heading”, every “HEADING” of the report is added to the beginning of
every new page. / / By selecting “Fit width to max length data” in “Page Size” section, size of the
tables in the report is adjusted according
to the page size while by selecting “Fix width”, the page size remains fixed. If size of the table is
larger than the page, some parts of the table goes beyond the page boundary. In “Header/Footer setting”,
by checking “Header”, “Header
text” field appears which enables you to enter your desired text. Also in “Header height” section, you
can specify your desired height for the “Header”. / By clicking on “Logo” and opening “Import logo for
report” window, you can insert
a picture or the logo of the company in the “Header” of the report. By checking “Footer”, “Footer text”
field appears which enables you to enter your desired text. Also in “Footer height” section, you can
specify your desired height for
the “Footer”. By checking “Show persons sign” and selecting “Setting”, “Persons sign” window opens where
you can add up to four signs to your report. By clicking on “Add persons sign” and clicking on
“Signature” and selecting “Signature”
you can add a “Signature” to your report. In “Title” and “Value” sections, title and name of the person
are entered respectively. / In “Title” of the “Setting” section, you can enter a general title for all
four signatures and add a box
for every signature by checking “Show border in report”. Also, in “Repeat mode” section, by selecting
“Show in all pages” the entered signatures are displayed in all pages. But, by selecting “Show in last
page”, these signatures are displayed
only in the last page. In “Extra setting” section and in “Tested by”, “Approved by”, “Company”, and
“Comment” fields, you can enter the name of the performer of the test, the supervisor, and the company
as well as comments respectively.
Note that to show these items in the output report, other than checking their options in this section,
you need to check their options in the tree diagram under abstract branch as well. / By selecting
“Browse custom”, you can display specific
information of the “Xrio” file in the report by checking their corresponding option. For example, to
display “Name plate” and “Location”, you should check these options from the “Test object” tree diagram
of the “Device” section in “Browse
custom” and “Xrio block report setting” page so that the intended information is specifically displayed
in the report. /
INTRODUCING “OVERCURRENT” ROOM This room and other test relay rooms which were introduced by the
name of “Medium” rooms before are used to test high current functions and “Over Load”. This room
includes three windows of “Test View”, “Over
Current Characteristic” and “Medium Detail View” which are used to enter the test points and display
them in the intended characteristic curve. / / / To test a relay, the first thing to do is to enter the
relay information and settings
in the software. To do this, first, select “Test Object” from the toolbar and from the tree diagram in
“Device” section enter “I primary” and “I secondary” information which are the “CT” turn ratio. Note
that any mismatch between the setting
of this section and the relay will lead to wrong responses in relay test. / Next, you need to enter the
relay setting from the tree diagram in “Over Current” block. By double-clicking on this block,
“Overcurrent Protection Parameters”
page opens which includes “Relay Parameters” and “Elements” tabs. In “Relay Parameters tab, in “Relay
Behavior” section, first you need to determine whether the relay is “Directional” or “Non-Directional”.
Then, in “Tolerance” section
and “Current”, “Time” and “Angle” sections, current and time tolerances and for “Directional” tests,
angular tolerance are entered. / / In “Elements” section, you need to determine the relay characteristic
curve and its characteristics.
To do so, first the type of intended current protection should be selected in “Selected Elements Type”.
Then, you need to specify the characteristic curve information in the table in this page and create the
relay “Curve”. / / / By using
“Add”, you can add more rows to the table and if there are multiple “Stages”, create another “Curve”.
Also, “Copy to” and “Remove” options are used to use the curve created in different protections and
remove the created row respectively.
“Move Up” and “Move Down” options are used to move a “stage” up or down respectively. / In “Define
Element Characteristic” tab and in “Characteristic” section, the type of characteristic curve and in
“Range Limits” section, current and
time ranges which are protected by the intended “Stage” should be specified. Also, if a characteristic
curve is specified for “Dropping” the relay, you can enter its setting in “Reset Characteristic”
section. The “Curve” of every “Stage”
is displayed separately in the diagram at the right side. In “View Resulting Characteristic” section,
you can view the characteristic curve resulted from specified “Stages”. / / If in “Relay Behavior” page,
the relay is specified as a
“Directional” one, another tab named “Define Element Directional Behavior” is added where the setting
related to the unit protected by the relay is entered. Moreover, a polar diagram is added in which the
angle protected by the relay is
specified schematically. / After entering the relay characteristic and confirming the changes, it is
possible to specify some points on the characteristic curve and run the test in “Test View” and “Over
Current Characteristic”. In future
videos, each of the mentioned sections will be explained in greater detail. By selecting any of the
“Element Versions” in the “Compatibility” section, the pickup current coefficients change for each
element. By selecting “Advanced Element”,
the coefficients for the specified characteristics is change into what can be seen in the picture. This
means that the pickup current determined for that characteristic is multiplied by the displayed
coefficient and “Fault Type” is applied
for it. As an example, if you determine an element in negative sequence and you wish to test this
element in “L1L2” mode, this characteristic can be tested by multiplying square root of 3 in pickup
current. These coefficients are extracted
from negative, positive and zero sequence matrix. One example is provided about how to calculate these
coefficients and other coefficients can be achieved by following the same procedure. / But in “Simple
Fault Loop” which is an algorithm
used by older relays, these coefficients are, as you can see, different. To facilitate analyzing the
effects of coefficients on characteristics, there is a section named “More Details” on “Test View” page
by double-clicking on which another
section opens where the information regarding the characteristics along with their coefficients are
displayed. The difference between “Advanced Element” and “Zero-Sensitive Elements” is in the “3I0”
characteristic coefficient; one of these
two should be selected in accordance with the relay algorithm.
RELAY SETTING IN OVERCURRENT ROOM, PART1 As mentioned before, to test a relay, the first step is to
enter the relay characteristic in the software. To do this, first how to enter the setting for a
“Non-directional” relay is going to be explained.
Enter “General Test Object” window and after changing the “CT” turns ratio to 500/1 in “Device” block,
by double-clicking on “Overcurrent” block, “Overcurrent protection parameters” page opens where you can
enter the relay setting. In
“Relay behavior” section, the setting related to relay protection, placement of “VT”s as well as wiring
of “CT”s are specified. Since here our relay is “Non-directional”, “Non-directional” should be selected
in this window. Note that the
setting related to “VT Connection” and “CT Connection” are only active in “Directional” mode and in
“Non-directional” relays, these options are disabled. / / / In “Directional” relays, current, time and
angular tolerances are set in “Tolerances”
section. To set current tolerance, you need to enter your intended tolerance as a percentage of the test
current in “Relative” field. You can see that this tolerance is set at 5 percent by default. Also, in
“Absolute” section, it is possible
to enter this tolerance as a coefficient of “CT” nominal current in this field and view its actual value
in the front field. Moreover, it is possible to enter the numerical value of tolerance and view its
related coefficient in the previous
field. For example, in this field 40 mA is entered as the tolerance. You can see that the coefficient
related to this current, changes in the corresponding field. Note that the software picks the maximum
tolerance between the two tolerances
specified for the characteristic curve. For example, if the test current is set at 1 amp, with a 5
percent tolerance, the current is calculated between 1.05 and 0.95 amp but if a 40 milliamp tolerance is
used, the pickup current is calculated
between 1.04 and 0.96 amp. The software picks the highest values which is between 1.05 and 0.95 amp. In
“Time” section, the time tolerances are specified in percentage and actual forms and the angular
tolerance is specified in “Angle”
section. / To specify the characteristic curve, you need to enter “Elements” tab. In “Element Name”
column, a title for the specified “Stages” is entered. For example, here “Stage1” is selected. In
“Tripping Characteristic” column it is
possible to specify the type of the characteristic curve which is set at “IEC Definite Time” by default.
To change the intended characteristic curve, double-click on “IEC Definite Time” or click on three dots
sign from “Characteristic”
section to open “Manage / Select Characteristic” window. In “Standard” section, you can view the
available characteristic curves in “IEC” standard and by selecting any of these you can view its formula
and coefficients in “Characteristic”
section. Note that it is necessary to select the same characteristic curve as the one specified for the
relay. / / If you cannot find the characteristic curve specified for the relay here or the coefficients
of the formulae are different,
by entering “Predefined” folder, you can find the relay characteristic curve from “Inverse”, “I2T”, IAC”
and “Reclosers” folders and then select it. Also, if you cannot find the relay formula in any of the
folders, in “Custom” folder,
by selecting “Custom Formula” it is possible to specify your intended formula according to the
coefficients specified in this section as well as the value of “Itest/Ipickup” and “Time dial” which are
indicated by “M” and “Td” respectively.
After doing so, you can save and use the formula. Moreover, if the relay characteristic curve is based
on the points table, you can add the characteristic curve point by point and view its curve by selecting
“Table Example 2” and using
the “Grabber” tool available in the software. This window will be fully explained in future videos. / /
/ If the characteristic curve formula is available in the software, but the used coefficients are not
the same as the ones in the relay’s
manual, you need to select the intended formula and by “Copying” and “Pasting” it in “User defined”
section, change its coefficients and use the formula according to the coefficients specified in the
relay’s manual. To facilitate doing
this, “Copy to user defined” option has been made available and you can use it. For example, here the
formula related to “Basler I2T-46N” curve is copied and pasted in “User defined” section. Now, by
selecting it, you should enter your
intended coefficients and by saving the new curve with the selected coefficients, it is saved in the
software and can be used. To continue the process, the “IEC Normal Inverse” curve is selected here. You
can see that in “Elements” tab,
an “Inverse Normal” “Stage” is entered. Now in “I Pick-up” column, you should set the pickup current of
the relay according to a coefficient of “CT” secondary nominal current which, here, is set at 1.1. Also,
it is possible to set the
pickup current from “I Pick-up” field at the bottom of this tab. After setting the pickup current, its
value is displayed in “Absolute” column. In “Time” column, “TMS” or “Time dial” of the relay is entered.
This value can also be entered
in “Time Index” field at the bottom of this tab and 0.5 is entered here. In “Reset Ratio” column, “Drop
Out” coefficient of the relay is entered which is set at 0.95 by default. Also, you can see that in
“Direction” column, the type of
this curve is set at “Non-Directional”. Um den Vorgang fortzusetzen, wird hier die Kurve „IEC Normal
Inverse“ ausgewählt. Sie können sehen, dass auf der Registerkarte „Elemente“ eine „Inverse Normale“
"BühneStufe" eingegeben wird. Sie
können sehen, dass auf der Registerkarte „Elemente“ eine BühneStufe „Inverse Normale“ eingegeben wird.
Nun sollten Sie in der Spalte „I Pick-up“ den Aufnahmestrom des Relais nach einem Koeffizienten des
Sekundärnennstroms „CT“ einstellen,
der hier auf 1.1 eingestellt ist. Außerdem ist es möglich, den Pickup-Strom im Feld „I Pick-up“ unten
auf dieser Registerkarte einzustellen. Nach dem Festlegen des Abholstroms wird sein Wert in der Spalte
„Absolute“ angezeigt. In der Spalte
„Time“ wird „TMS“ oder „Time dial“ des Relais eingegeben. Dieser Wert kann auch im Feld „Time Index“
unten auf dieser Registerkarte eingegeben werden, und hier wird 0.5 eingegeben. In der Spalte „Reset
Ratio“ wird der Koeffizient „Drop
out“ des Relais eingegeben, der standardmäßig auf 0.95 eingestellt ist. Außerdem können Sie sehen, dass
in der Spalte „Direction“ der Typ dieser Kurve auf „Non-Directional“ festgelegt ist. / / / / /
RELAY SETTING IN “OVERCURRENT” ROOM, PART 2 After specifying a “Stage” for the relay characteristic
curve, it is possible to specify the characteristic curve time and current range limits in “Range
limits” section. To do this, you need to
activate this section by checking “Active” option and enter the required ranges in according fields. For
example, here, “I min” equals 1.2 times “lref” and “l max”, 100 times “Iref” is entered. At the right
side of this window you can
see that the characteristic curve of the relay is specified to be between 1.2 and 100 times of the
reference current which is the same as “Iref” or “CT” secondary. Also, the minimum time is entered in “t
min” field and here “1.5” second
is entered. In “t max” field, on the other hand, the maximum time is entered which, here, is 40. Now you
can see the effect of these changes on the characteristic curve.Moreover, for relays that act in
“Definite Time” mode from currents
higher than a specific amount, “Limit t from I” option can be used. For example, for relays that act
from 1.1 time of the determined “Pickup” current and act in “Definite Time” mode from 20 times of the
“Pickup” current, the settings are
entered as can be seen. / / In “Reset Characteristic” section, you can specify the setting related to
“Drop out” characteristic curve of the relay which is set at “Off” by default. This means that as soon
as the fault current falls below
the relay “Drop” current, the pickup contact must be removed from the relay. By selecting “Definite
time”, “tr” field is activated and you can specify a time for “Drop out” of the relay. For example, if
1.5 second is entered here, when
the fault current falls below the specified value, the pickup contact must be removed from the relay
after 1.5 second. Also, by selecting “Inverse time”, “R” and “T” fields are opened and it is made
possible to specify an “Inverse” curve
for “Drop out” time of the relay according to the formula displayed in “Formula” section and by
specifying “R” and “T” values. Note that it is possible to manage “Reset Characteristic” and “Range
limits” sections from “manage / select
characteristic” page as well. / If the characteristic curve of the relay comprises of multiple “Stages”,
it is necessary to use “Add” button to specify the required number of “Stages” and by specifying their
parameters, test the intended
relay. For example, here, another “Stage” of “Time Definite” type is created and the pickup current is
set at 1.5 times “I ref” and its operation time is set at 200 milliseconds in “Time” column. You can see
that by clicking on any “Stage”,
its corresponding characteristic curve is displayed in the right side window. Now, in “View Resulting
Characteristic” tab, it is possible to view the final characteristic curve created. You can see that
this curve is the result of both
“Stages” specified in the table on this window. In “Color” column, a color is selected for each “Stage”.
In “Active” column, it is possible to activate or deactivate any intended “Stage” by using “Yes” and
“No” options. For example, here,
the second “Stage” is deactivated and removed from the characteristic curve. / By using “Save as
User-defined” option from “Manage / select characteristic” window, it is possible to add the
characteristic curve created in each “Stage”
in “User defined” folder and use when necessary. For example, here, the first “Stage” is selected and by
clicking on “Save as User-defined”, the “Manage / Select Characteristic” window opens. Then, by clicking
on “Ok” button and returning
to this window, you can see that this curve and its setting are added to this folder with the name of
IEC Normal Inverse2. /
RELAY SETTINGS IN “OVERCURRENT” ROOM, PART 3 As mentioned before if the relay characteristic curve
is provided as a table of points, the user needs to manually enter these points into the software. To do
so, first, “Table Example 2” is selected
from “Custom” folder in “Manage/Select Characteristic” window. You can see that, by default, a curve is
created in this section using the points table. / To specify a new curve, by clicking on “Copy to User
Define” option, this curve is
copied to “User Define” folder and after selecting this curve in “User Define” folder, by clicking on
“Grab” the window related to the “Grabber” opens. In this diagram the "X" axis is the current axis, and
the "Y" axis is the time axis.
In “Axes” section, to show the curve, the current range is specified in terms of “IPu” and the time
range is specified in terms of seconds. For example, here the current range is specified between 1 “IPu”
and 100 “IPu” and the current
axis is displayed between 1 and 100 “IPu”. “IPu” is the CT secondary nominal current. Also, by
unchecking the “Logarithmic” option, it is possible to change the diagram display from logarithmic to
regular. Also, by using “Open” and “Save”
options it is possible to save the created file in this section and open it again on this page and edit
or use it if necessary. / Now, from the toolbar click on “New” to open a new blank page for the new
curve. In “Point” section, enter
the current in “Current” field and time in “Time” field and then “Add” them to the points table of the
intended characteristic curve so that it is displayed in the diagram at the right side. Also, by
clicking on the related diagram and
selecting “Add” or by using the “Ctrl” key and clicking on the diagram, it is possible to create the
characteristic curve. By using “Add” and “Insert” buttons, it is possible to add the point entered in
“Point” section to the last row
of the table and before the selected row respectively. / / / If the user has a logarithmic image of the
relay characteristic curve, it is possible to “Load” it in this window by using “Load Image” option and
create the relay characteristic
curve for the test by adding the point on the entered curve. Now, here we enter an image of the “7UT63”
relay overcurrent characteristic. Then it is necessary to equalize the “Scales” of the diagram in this
page with the “Scales” of the
entered diagram. To do so, first, by using Alt+left click combination key the current and time axes of
the entered image are equalized with the current and time axes of the “Grabber” window. Then, the
“Start” and “End” values are specified
in “Current” section as 1.05Pu1 and 1.45 respectively. Also, the “Start” and “End” values are specified
in “Time” section as 0.05 and 200 seconds. You can see that both diagrams are completely overlapping.
Note that these numbers are different
for images with different sizes and they need to be specified by the user in a way that the two diagrams
overlap in terms of values and size. / / Now, by holding down the “Ctrl” key and clicking on the curve
with “Dial Setting=0.1”, this
characteristic curve is created and approved. If you wish to save this curve in the software for future
tests, you need to copy it using the “Copy” button and “Paste” it in “User Defined” folder. Now, by
selecting “Save”, the intended
characteristic curve is saved in this folder and is usable for next tests. / Note that if a later
version of the software is installed, this saved file is removed from the “User Defined” folder. So
before installing the new version of
the software, it is necessary to make an output “Xml” file by using the “Export” button from “Manage
Select Characteristic” page and then “Import” it to the new version. This characteristic curve is
displayed in the diagram at the right
side of the “Overcurrent Protection Parameters” window. Note that for the characteristic curves created
using this method, the time entered in “Time” column of the characteristic table of the characteristic
curve is a coefficient which
is multiplied by the times entered in the characteristic points table and as a result it influences the
characteristic curve time and relay operation time. /
RELAY SETTING IN “OVERCURRENT” ROOM, PART 4 To perform “Overcurrent Directional” test, first select
“Test Object” from the toolbar and then enter “I Primary” and “I Secondary” information which is the
Turns ratio of “CT” in the tree diagram
in “Device” section. Note that any mismatch between these two sections will result in incorrect
responses. / / After double-clicking on “Overcurrent” block in “Relay Parameters” page, select
“Directional” option in “Relay Behavior” section.
Then, specify the directions of “VT” and “CT Start Point” in “VT Connection” and “CT Start Point
Connection” respectively. Note that mismatch between this section and the relay setting will result in a
180 degree phase difference between
the device and relay settings. / After entering the intended “Stages” in “Element” section, whether the
protection direction of relay is “Forward” or “Reverse” should be entered in “Direction” field. Then,
enter “Maximum Torque Angle”
and “Sector Opening” of the relay in “Define Element Directional Behavior” tab. The calculation method
for these parameters will be explained in the videos related to protective functions test. In
“Directional” mode, a “Directional Plane”
is added to this page where you can view the range of relay protection. In “View Resulting
Characteristic” tab, you can view the general characteristic curve and “Directional Plane” diagram. Note
that if you have multiple directional “Stages”
with different “Pick Ups” and performance times, each “Stage” is depicted with a different color
specified in the table at the top. / To display the “Directional” characteristic curve or “Directional
Plane” and add test points, select
“Medium Detail View” from the toolbar and specify your test points on the curve. Another way to make a
characteristic curve is to use an “XRio” file. To do this, first, select “Test Object” from the toolbar
and check “Import from List”
option and specify the relay “Template” type in “Search” section. For example, here, “7UT” relay is
selected. Then, select “XRio” format from “File”, “Load Relay Setting”, “Relay Config Type” and import
your “XRio” file in “Config File
Path”. To make sure that the imported information is correct, you can review the entered parameters from
the tree diagram of this section. If necessary, you can examine the parameters effective on every other
parameters of the relay by
using “Reference Map” and modify it if there is any mismatch with the relay setting. /
“TEST VIEW” WINDOW As mentioned previously, one of the windows in “Overcurrent” room is “Test View”.
This window comprises of 5 tabs of “Shot Test”, “Pick Up-Drop Off”, “Setting”, “Trigger” and “Binary
Output”. Specifying the test points is
done in “Shot Test” and “Pick Up-Drop Off” tabs. / In “Shot Test” tab, you can select fault type and the
points for the test and after the test is performed, you can view the results of the evaluation. In this
tab, in “Test Point” section
the fault current and in “Fault Type” section the fault type are determined. In “Test Point” section,
the fault current and the angle between current and voltage are specified in “I Test” and “Angle” fields
respectively. Note that this
angle is only useful for performing “Directional” tests. !/ If you want to specify the fault current in
terms of a coefficient of “CT” nominal current or “Pick Up” current of one of the specified “Stages”,
you need to check “I Test Relative”
option and specify the coefficient in “Factor” field and then, from “Relative to” drop list select the
base current to specify the fault current. This base current can be a “Pick Up” current of one of the
“Stages” or “CT” secondary nominal
current. After specifying the test current, you need to select the fault type from the standard faults
available in “Fault Type” section. These faults include different types of phase to earth, two phase,
three phase, inconsistency, “3I0”
and “L1”, “L2” and “L3” faults. / To better understand “L1”, “L2” and “L3” faults, suppose that in a
line, there is a transformer with a delta connection on the first side. When a fault occurs in the
secondary side, the fault phase corresponding
current will flow in the first side and this fault current is provided by other phase or phases.
“Negative Sequence” or inconsistency faults test is available by selecting “I2”. Since relays detect
inconsistency fault by using the value
of negative sequence current, by selecting this type of “Fault Type”, the entered fault current will
merely be negative sequence current. “3I0” fault is useful for “Earth Fault” in “Summation” mode while
“L-E” fault is useful in “Measuring”
mode. / / By clicking on “Add”, the selected test point is added to the table in this window. Regarding
the test points, note that if you check the "I Test Relative to" option and make the test stream
dependent to a parameter and "Add"
that point, that test point is always dependent on the value of that parameter and by changing the value
of that parameter, the amount of the test current also changes. To clear the subject, check the "I Test
Relative to" option and the
test current is defined twice the rated current, and this point is added to the test table. Now if you
change the rated current to 5 amps you will see that the test current changes from 2 amps to 10 amps. By
selecting one of the rows and
clicking on “Insert” option, the selected row is repeated in the table and by clicking on “Remove”
option, the selected point is removed. Also, by selecting “Add to” option, it is possible to copy point
or points selected for one of the
“Fault Types” to another “Fault Type”. By clicking on “Remove All” option, all test points entered in
the table will be removed. / By clicking on “Sequence” option, “Sequence Test Points to” page opens
where it is possible to specify test
points with equal steps. In “Current Data” section, steps are created in direction of the range. By
selecting “Current” in “Sequence Type” field, current steps are directly entered in terms of ampere and
by selecting “Factor”, the current
is entered in terms of the parameter selected in “Relate to” field. / In “Start Value”, “End Value” and
“Step Size” fields start point of the current point, end point of the current point and steps are
specified respectively. For example,
“Factor”, “Pick Up” current of the first “Stage”, 2 times, 6 times and half of “Pick Up” current are
selected as values for “Sequence Type”, “Relate to”, “Start Value”, “End Value” and “Step Size”
respectively. You can see that “Step Count”
which is the number of current steps or test points equals 9. / Moreover, in “Angle data” section, the
information related to start angle, end angle and step size are entered in “Angle data”, “Start Value”,
“End Value” and “Step Size”
respectively. Here 30, 45 and 5 are entered as these values. In “Step Count” field, the number of
current steps are specified which is 4 points. In “Total Shot Count” field, the sum total of points is
calculated. This value shows that
each point in all 4 specified angle “Steps” enters test table with a specified current range. After
selecting the “Fault Type” of “L1-E” and “L2-E” and confirming them, you can see that these points are
added to the test point table. /
/ If the performed test has “Failed” points, by selecting “Clear All Failed Tests” option, it is
possible to clear all these points from the table of this section. In “Detail” section, the information
related to “Trip” nominal time, the
allowed operation time range, actual time and test point evaluation are entered in “t nom”, “t min” and
“t max” fields, “t act” and “Stage” field respectively. The test points are entered with detail in the
table at the bottom of the page.
The details include test evaluation, test current, test point angle, whether the test is “Relative” or
not; if it is “Relative”, the base coefficient and parameter, nominal time, operation time, fault
measure in terms of percentage and
seconds and the minimum and maximum operation times are entered. Also, if you wish to add a comment
about any of the test points, you can use the “User Comment” cell. At the end of this page, it is
possible to select test points table
from different “Fault Types”. /
“PICK UP-DROP OFF” WINDOW “Pick Up-Drop Off” test of the relay is performed In this tab. In “Test
Point” section, the settings related to test points is adjusted. If you wish to perform a “Pick Up-Drop
Off” test in a “Non-directional” relay,
you need to select “Current” from “Target type” section and for Angular “Pickup-Drop-off” test select
“Angle”. At first, “Current” is selected for “Non-directional” test. / In “Pickup” field, the “Pickup”
current of the relay is specified.
This means that ideally, the relay must “Pickup” at this current and here we enter 1amp for this field.
In “Reset Ratio” field, the ratio of “Drop” current to “Pickup” current is specified which here is set
at 0.95. Note that by specifying
a value for “Reset Ratio”, the software calculates the “Drop” current value and displays it in “Drop
Off” field. In “Angle” field, the angle of “Pickup” current is specified which is not useful for
“Non-directional” relays and depending
on the test type, the user can set it at their desired value. Now, since in “Pick Up-Drop Off” tests the
software uses increasing or decreasing ramps, the time interval between increasing and decreasing ramps
must be entered in “Pickup
∆t” and “Drop Off ∆t” respectively. By default, these values are set at 100 millisecond. In “∆I” field,
the values of each “Step” in each time ramp is specified. Here, this value is set at 20 milliamps. Then,
in “Pickup Start” field, the
ramp initial current value in test is specified. Here, this value is set at 800 milliamps. This means
that the ramp begins at 800 milliamps and increases. Moreover, it is necessary to specify the final
values of the ramp current as well.
These values are entered in “Pickup End” and “Drop Off End” fields for “Pickup” and “Drop Off”
respectively. For example, here, the final current values for “Pickup” and “Drop Off” are set at 1.2 amp
and 800 milliamps respectively. / Now,
according to the values set in “Test Point” section, the software applies an increasing ramp from 800
milliamps to 1.2 amp of current with 20 milliamps ramps and 100 milliseconds time interval and then
receives the “Pickup” signal. Then,
it applies a decreasing ramp with 20 milliamps ramp and 100 milliseconds time interval until the relay
“Drops”. In “Fault Type” section, as mentioned before, it is possible to determine the fault type. Now,
by using “Add” button, this
test line is added to the characteristic curve of the relay on “Overcurrent Characteristic” window.
Also, the related row is added to the table at the bottom of the “Pick Up-Drop Off” page. In “Detail”
section, after the test is finished,
the real “Pickup” current value of the relay and the relay “Drop Off” current value of the relay are
displayed in “Pickup act” and “Drop Off act” fields respectively. / / For each “Fault Type”, this test
is performed only in one point.
Immediately after receiving “Pickup” contact, the ramp starts decreasing from “Pickup-End” point. If you
wish the ramp to start decreasing from the same point as the relay “Pickup” point, you need to check
“Last state Amplitude” option.
/ For “Directional” tests, here the settings for a “Directional” relay is in a way that the “Direction”
is “Forward” and “Maximum torque angle” and “Sector opening” are set at -60 and 180 degrees
respectively. Then, open “Medium Detail
View”. In this window, the operation range of the relay is displayed in green and purple. You can see
that this range is set between -90+60 30 degrees and -60-90 -150 degrees. In “PickUp-DropOff Data”
section, the test lines selected from
the created test lines are displayed in the table at the left side. In the left sidebar of this window,
there are some tools used for diagrams which have been explained previously. / / Now, “Angle” is
selected from “Target type” and “States”
of the “Ramp” created by the software are put on the angle. In this mode, the value of the current and
the fault current angle are entered in “Current” and “Angle” fields respectively. Also, the amount of
angular changes in each ramp,
the amount of start angle value for ramp “State” and the final value of this angle are entered in "∆∅",
“Pickup Start” and “Pickup End” fields respectively. In “Drop Off End” field, the final angle value for
decreasing ramp “State” is
specified. / For example, here you should make two search lines in border points. The first search line
is set with a 1 amp “Pickup” current and a 30 degree angle. You can see that the fields related to this
test line are adjusted at the
right side by the software. Note that these values can be specified by the user. Also, in graphic
diagram of “Medium Detail View” window, the angular range of the intended test is turned pink. Now, we
add this test line to “Pick Up-Drop
off” test table. Now, to create the next test line, -150 is entered as the angle value in “Angle” field
and this lined is also added to the test lines. You can see that by selecting any of the created test
lines, its information is displayed
in “PickUp-DropOff Data” window. Note that in performing this test, in “Pickup” current, you should
perform the test once at the highest limit of the angle and once at the lowest limit of the angle. /
“OVERCURRENT” CHARACTERISTIC CURVE To continue explaining “Overcurrent” room, in this video we are
going to explain characteristic curve or “Overcurrent Characteristic”. In “Overcurrent Characteristic”,
the inverse current curve is displayed
in terms of time. This window is designed in a way that it is connected to other windows in this room
and it is possible to add points to the table and perform the test more quickly by using some
combination keys. / To add test points
to “Test View” table, you can click on the characteristic curve and select “Add” button to add points to
the table for test. Also, by holding “Ctrl” key and clicking on the curve, you can add your intended
points to the test table more
quickly. The third method for adding points to the test table is to enter “I test” current in “Test
Point” section and click on “Add” button. This method has been explained in previous videos. / After
adding test points to the table, by
clicking on “Start/Continue Test” from the toolbar, all test points are tested one after the other. But,
if you wish to test each point individually, you can either click on “Start Single Test” or right-click
on your intended row or then
click on “Apply & Start Test” to run the test. Also, if you wish to test a test point without adding it
to the test table, click on the intended test point on the characteristic curve and then click on “Start
Single Test”. / In “Overcurrent
Characteristic” window, it is possible to apply more settings for better analysis by clicking on the cog
at the bottom of the page. Each case is explained in the following. / “Zoom during Test” to zoom on the
characteristic curve “Optimize
All” for optimal display of the characteristic curve “Pan Mode” For moving the characteristic curve
“Horizontal Axis” to display horizontal axis of the characteristic curve in relative form “Show Row
Number” for showing number of the row
whose information is entered “Show All Tact Point” for displaying the operation time of the entire test
points on the characteristic curve If the selected test points are close to each other, you can use
“Show Selected Tact Point” for
better display of the operation time of each row. Note that if “Show All Tact Point” and “Show Selected
Tact Point” are selected simultaneously, the operation time of the entire test points on the
characteristic curve is displayed. If
you wish to add the test point exactly on current lines, you can use “Snap to Grid” option. Note that it
is, also, possible to activate “Pan Mode” by holding “Alt + Mouse Click”. If “Show Cursor Value” is
checked, by hovering the cursor
over any point, the current value and nominal time of that point is displayed. Also, if you wish to have
the information regarding every curve, you can check “Show Curve Information” option. / Moreover, there
are some features available
in the right-click menu of this page which are going to be explained. “Shot” option shows the
coordinates of the shot point. “Add shot” option shows the point added to the table and “Shot at” option
shows the coordinates of the point “Shot”
on the curve. If “Snap to Grid” is not checked, these two coordinates will be the same. / Explanations
of “Zoom Mode”, “All”, “In”, “Out” options are available in “Sequencer” section videos. “Characteristic”
and “Test Points” options show
Characteristic curve and range of shot points on the curve zoomed, respectively. In “Show” section,
“Curve”, “Test” and “Grid” options are used to display or hide tolerance, “Shot” points and
characteristic curve lines respectively. In
“Color” section, it is possible to change the background color, “Grid” color of the lines by using the
“Background” option. By using “Default Color” it is possible to change the colors to default settings.
“Other” Options are the same
as those available by clicking on the cog icon at the bottom of the page which were explained in the
beginning of this video. / / /
“SETTINGS” TAB OF “OVERCURRENT” MODULE, PART 1 To continue with explaining “Overcurrent” room, in
this video we are going to explain “Setting” tab. In this tab, you can adjust some of the test settings.
In “Fault Inception” section, the angle
in which the fault occurs is specified. But this angle is not the angle between current and voltage but
it equally shifts the current and voltage values. To better understand this, select “Signal View” from
the toolbar and check “Voltage
Group A” in “Setting”. Then, by changing the “Angle” value, you can see the current and voltage signals.
Note that to determine the angle between current and voltage, you need to use the “Angle” field in “Shot
test” tab. / “Voltage Output”
is used in “Directional” tests but if, for any reason, you wish to activate your voltages in a
“Non-Directional” test and see the influence of changing voltages on “Overcurrent” test, you can use
this section. In “Trigger On” field in
“Pick up Drop off Contact” section you can determine the “Contact” to be used for doing “Pick up Drop
Off” test. This option is used in cases where the relay does not have “Pick up” contact. In these
relays, by reducing the trip time to
zero, it is possible to find the approximate pickup current. / But if you do not wish to change the
relay settings, if the relay has “LED” or “Flag” pickup, you can manually issue a “Pick Up” or “Drop
Off” command by checking “Space Key
Press”. You can perform the test by pressing the “Space” button once at the time of “Pick up” and once
at the time of “Drop Off”. If you wish to create a transient state for the current waveform in “Add
Signal” and test the transient state
“Overcurrent”, you can do so by checking “Dc decay” decaying Dc and specifying the “Amplitude” value in
terms of percent and time coefficient in “1/T” and then you can view the changes resulted in the
waveform in “Signal View”. Now, if
you wish to add “Harmonic” to the transient state, you can do so by checking “Harmonic” and specifying
the order of the “Harmonic” in “Number” field and specifying the “Amplitude” in terms of percent and
phase angle. Note that by unchecking
the options in this section, the signal returns to “Normal” state. / /
“SETTINGS” TAB OF “OVERCURRENT” MODULE, PART 2 In “Time” section, first, the injection time before
fault in “PreFault Time” is entered. In tests such as “Directional” where by injecting voltage, “PTs”
draw inrush current, by checking “Ramp
in Prefault” you can create a “Ramp” voltage and prevent device errors. Note that checking this option
is only possible for “Directional” tests or in conditions determined in “Voltage Output” section. / In
“Max Fault Time”, the maximum
fault injection time is specified in the form of “Abs” or “Rel” which itself includes three sections.
Note that if the time specified in “Max Fault Time” is shorter than time of the “Trip” time of the shot
point, result of the evaluation
will be wrong. / If you are using “Max Fault Time Abs” field, you need to enter a time in terms of
seconds for the maximum fault signal injection time for all points. But, to increase the speed of the
test, you can use “Max Fault Time
Rel”. By checking this option, three other options appear. By entering a number in “Add%ofTnom”, the
fault signal injection time in each point equals the test point nominal time plus a percentage of the
nominal time entered in this field.
This means that if the test point nominal time is 10 seconds and 5 percent is entered in this field, the
maximum fault injection time 1.05 equals the test nominal time which is 10.5 seconds. But in “Add
Absolute” field, the fault injection
time is entered as a sum of the test point trip nominal time plus the time entered in this field. For
points which are in “No Trip” area, it is possible to enter a separate time in “No-Trip Time” field. If
you enter the time in these four
fields, the software will consider the longest time. / “Post Fault” time is entered in “Post Fault
Time”. “Delay After Trigger” is used for specifying the trigger time of the intended key and by
right-clicking on the related field and
selecting “Go To Linked Value”, you can see that it is linked to “CB Trip Time” and if necessary, by
selecting “Remove Link” you can enter your desired value instead. / By selecting “Fault Inception” in
“Time Reference”, the “Trip” time
from the fault injection time is calculated. But, by selecting “Starting”, the “Trip” time is calculated
from when the “Pick-up” contact is received from the relay. / In “Load Current Prefault Current”
section, it is possible to adjust
the settings related to “Prefault” phase and current. By selecting “Based on Current” radio button in
“Amplitude” section, the “Prefault” current is entered in ampere which is the same for all other test
points. But, by selecting “Based
on IFault”, the “Prefault” current is entered in fault current which is different for every “Shot”
point. You can use “Phase” section for the angle between current and voltage in “Prefault”. By selecting
the “Based on Degree” radio button,
it is possible to specify the voltage current angle in degrees which is the same for all other test
points. But, by selecting “Same as Fault Angle”, the angle between current and voltage in “Prefault”
will be the same with “Fault” which
is different for every “Shot” point. / In “Other Setting” section, by checking first run
"PickUp-DropOff", if you have multiple "PickUp-DropOff" and “Shot Test” points, first, the
"PickUp-DropOff" test is performed otherwise “Shot Test”
is performed first. By checking “Continue Last State Amplitude”, in "PickUp-DropOff" test, instead of
starting from “Pickup End” the decreasing ramp will start from where the relay performed the pick-up”. /
COMPLEMENTARY EXPLANATION OF “OVERCURRENT” MODULE To continue explaining “Overcurrent” room, here
are some additional explanations. By checking “Pause before Start” in “Pick Up-Drop Off” tab, by running
the test using the “Start/Continue Test”
method, before testing any point, a message appears and by pressing “Ok”, the software tests that point.
/ By selecting “Fault Inception” In “Time Reference”, the “Trip” time is calculated since the fault
injection time. This option is
used for testing the relays which do not have the “Pick Up” contact. But by selecting “Starting”, the
“Trip” time is calculated since when the “Pick Up” contact is received from the relay. This option helps
to increase the measurement
accuracy of the operation time in relays with “Pick Up” contact. / In fact, when you select “Fault
Inception”, it is like that you are putting the “trigger” on “Trip” signal. But if you select
“Starting”, first you need to make sure that
the relay gives a “Pick Up” signal. Selecting this option is like putting the “Trigger” on “Trip”, “Pick
Up” and “Trigger Logic” in “And” mode. / In “Binary Output” tab, if it is necessary for the relay to see
the key condition, by using
the “A” or “B” group voltages or “Aux DC” it is possible to take any needed voltage to the “Binary
Input” of the relay through “Binary Output” of the device. This tab has three “PreFault”, Fault” and
“Post Fault” modes and you can specify
the settings of each one separately. /
INTRODUCING “VI STARTING” ROOM “VI Starting” room is designed to test “51V” function. In this
function, the pickup of overcurrent unit depends on the voltage drop. In fact, “VI Starting” is a
current function whose “Pickup” is linked to voltage.
Note that in “51V” function test, evaluation of detecting or not detecting fault is performed based on
the test voltage and current amount which can be “Voltage-Controlled” or “Voltage-Restrained” and is
used as generator-differential
protection backup as well as for coordinating high-current relays in power systems. To explain the
difference between these two functions, characteristic curve and examples are used. If the “51V”
function is “Voltage-Controlled”, its characteristic
curve will look like what you can see in this picture. For a relay with this characteristic curve, the
relay performs the pickup in currents higher than “5A” and for currents lower than “4A” the relay does
not perform the pickup. But if
the current is between “4A” and “5A”, the relay performs the pickup only if the voltage is lower than
“50V”. In the settings of this function, “4A” and “5A” currents are specified as “I” and “I”
respectively. / In the second mode, if the
characteristic curve is “Voltage-Restrained”, like the previous mode, the relay detects a fault if the
current is higher than “5A” and in currents lower than “4A” it does not perform the pickup. The
difference is that between “4A” and
“5A”, the pickup voltage value has a linear increase. / In this function, it is possible to specify the
settings for phase to phase and phase to earth voltage faults separately. This is also considered in the
characteristic curve page
of this function so that if you add a shot on the characteristic curve in single-phase “Fault Type”, the
specified voltage is the voltage of the phase and if you select two-phase or three-phase “Fault Type”,
the specified voltage is line-to-line
voltage in which case the device produces the corresponding voltage to produce the line-to-line voltage.
/ / / “Test View” and “VI Starting Characteristic” are the two main windows of this room. In “Test View”
window, the three main tests
of this function are performed in “Shot Test”, “Check Test” and “Search Test” tabs which will be
explained in future videos. In “VI Starting Characteristic” window, the characteristic curve of the
function is displayed according to the
current and voltage. To specify the settings of this function, select “Test Object” from the toolbar and
double-click on “VI Starting” from the tree diagram and then enter your desired settings to be displayed
in “VI Starting Characteristic”
characteristic curve in “VI Starting Parameters” page. / Relay settings in “VI Starting” Room In VI
Starting Parameters page, you can enter the characteristic curve information in characteristic section.
In I and I fields, the lower and
upper limits of the pick-up current are entered. In this protection, for currents lower than I, the
function does not give a pick-up regardless of the voltage. Also, for current higher than I, this
function gives a pick-up regardless of
the voltage. The range between these two values is where the voltage value is influential for the
performance of the function. Voltage settings of this function is entered in VLN and VLL fields. As
mentioned before, this function needs
different settings for phase to earth and phase to phase faults. VLN is used for specifying phase to
earth faults settings; VLN I and VLN I are used for specifying the voltage value of lower and upper
limits respectively. VLL I and VLL
I have the same function for phase to phase faults. Note that for VI Starting-Controlled function, the
same value must be entered for the lower and upper limits of VLN and VLL. But for Restrained mode, the
lower limit must be lower than
the upper limit. Also, current and voltage tolerances of this function are entered in “Tolerances”
section.
“SHOT TEST” TAB As mentioned previously, one of the windows in “VI Starting” room is “Test View”.
This window has 6 tabs including “Shot Test”, “Check Test”, “Search Test”, “Setting”, “Trigger” and
“Binary Output”. Specifying the test points
is done in “Shot Test”, “Check Test” and “Search Test” tabs. / In “Shot Test” tab, you can select fault
type and the points for the test and after the test is performed, you can view the results of the
evaluation. In this tab, in “Test
Point” section the fault current and voltage and in “Fault Type” section the fault type are determined.
Voltage, fault current and the angle between voltage and current are entered in “Voltage”, “Current” and
“Phi” tabs respectively. After
specifying the current and voltage of the test, it is necessary to select the fault type from the
standard faults available in “Fault Type” section. These faults include different fault types of phase
to earth, two-phase and three-phase.
/ By clicking on “Add”, the selected test point is entered in the table in this window. By selecting one
of the rows and then selecting “Insert” option, the selected row is repeated in the table and by
clicking on “Remove”, the selected
point is removed. By selecting “Add to” option, it is possible to copy point or points selected for a
“Fault Type” to another “Fault Type”. By clicking on “Remove All”, all test points entered in the table
are removed. / By clicking on
“Sequence” option, “Sequence Test Points to” page opens where it is possible to create test points with
equal steps. In “Step” section, steps are created toward the range. By selecting “Angle” in “Step On”
field, angular steps are entered
directly in terms of degrees. This means that the test points are entered according to the origin point
specified in “Origin” section in a way that the required angles are resulted in accordance with the
horizon. For example, if 45 and
90 degrees are entered as start and end point with 5 degrees steps and 5 volts and 5 amps as origin
point, by confirming this settings and “Zooming All” you can see that there are some points added on the
“VI Characteristic”. For example,
the last point is selected. By doing the calculations mentioned in the picture you can see that the
resulted angle is 85 degrees and not 90 which is because the “Origin” point is considered as one of the
points as well and the last point
of this “Sequence” is removed. / But by selecting “Direction”, an angle is specified in “Angle” field
and in this angle from the “Origin” point, with the length entered in “Length” field and by steps
specified in “Step Size”, some points
are shot on the curve. Note that the length and the steps of the points are specified according to
nominal current which is the same as the “CT” secondary current entered in “Device” block on “Test
Object” page. For example, if 45 degree,
5 and 0.5 times the nominal current, 0 And 0 are entered as angle, length, step and origin point, by
confirming this setting and “Zooming All”, you can see that some points are created in 45 degrees in the
characteristic curve with 0 Volts
and 0 Amps as the point of origin. / If the performed test has “Failed” points, by selecting “Clear All
Failed Tests” option, these points are cleared from the table in this section. In “Detail” section, the
information related to “Tip”
nominal time, the allowed operation time range, the actual time and evaluation of test point are entered
in “T nom”, “T min” and “T Max”, “T act” and “State” fields respectively. In the table at the bottom of
the page, the test points
are entered with various details. The details include test evaluation, test voltage, test current, the
angle between voltage and current of the test point. Also, if you wish to enter a comment for any of the
points, you can select “User
Comment” from the cell. At the end of this page it is possible to select the test point table in
different “Fault Types”.
“CHECK TEST” TAB After performing the “Shot Test” in “VI Starting” room, it is time to perform
“Check Test” and “Search Test”. In “Check Test” the upper and lower tolerances of the relay that are
displayed as dotted lines in “VI Starting Characteristic”
are tested and evaluated. To perform the “Check Test”, first it is necessary to draw some lines named
“Check Line” in different sections of the diagram. To draw this line, first in “Origin” section from
“Check Line” section, the start
point of this line is specified. In “Voltage”, “Current”, “Phi” and “Angle” fields, origin point
voltage, origin point current, the angle between voltage and current and the movement angle of the
“Check Line” are specified respectively.
In “Length” section, the length of the “Check Line” is entered in the intended cell. / / Note that the
drawn “Check Lines” must cross at least one of the tolerance lines of the point characteristic curve.
Then click on “Add” option to
add the “Check Line” to “Check Test” lines table. Another way to draw a “Check Line” is to hold down
“Ctrl” button and left-click in “VI Starting Characteristic” window and then move the cursor in your
desired direction on the characteristic
curve. You can see that the information of the drawn “Check Line” is displayed in the “Check Test” lines
table. After drawing the “Check Line”, the software evaluates the crossing point of the “Check Line” and
the tolerance lines as a
“Shot” test in accordance with the performance of the relay. Here, after performing the test, the relay
performs a “PICK UP” in the lower tolerance and has no performance in the upper tolerance; so the test
is “Passed”. Other parts of
this section such as “Fault Type” and “Remove All”, “Sequencer” options etc. are similar to “Shot Test”
section which has been explained in previous videos. The only additional option in this section is “Copy
to Search”. By marking one
of the test lines and selecting this option, you can copy the selected line to “Search Test” and by
selecting “Add” in “Search Test”, this line is entered in the “Search Test” lines tables. / / After
“Check Test”, the last test performed
on the “VI Starting” characteristic curve is “Search Test”. The purpose of this test is to find the
characteristic curve line and drawing method of the “Search Line” is the same as the two previous
methods explained for “Check Line”. By
performing the test, the software starts interpolating the characteristic curve by testing some points
on the search line and determines the exact location of the characteristic curve. The number of points
on the “Search Line” which are
tested by the software is specified by the user in “Setting” tab in “Search Setting” section which is in
fact the resolution of the “Search Test”. There are three “Relative”, “Absolute” and “Max Point Number”
options in this section which
determine the ending condition of the “Search Test”. The first condition is “Relative” meaning if the
difference between the test point value and previous test point is less than the value specified in this
field, this point is the response
of the test. The second condition is “Absolute” meaning if the difference between the test point and
previous point is less than the value specified in this field, this point is the response of the test.
And the third condition is “Max
Point Number” meaning the test cannot be performed more than the number of points entered in this field
and the last point is the response of the test. / / “Ignore” field in “Search Interval” section is used
when you want to ignore the
characteristic curve specified for the intended search line. By entering a number in this section, some
points are added on the “Search” line with the specified value as the distance between them. For
example, by entering 0.4 in this field,
you can see that some lines are added on the “Search Line” with a 0.4 distance. If the test is
performed, the points added on the “Search Test” are tested one after the other so that the exact
location of the characteristic curve is determined.
This option is used when the characteristic curve that you have for the test seems wrong or you have no
characteristic curve at all. If you wish to do this for all of the test lines, you can use “Ignore
Nominal Characteristic” section
located in the “Setting” tab. To do this, by entering the value for “Search Interval” and selecting
“Apply to all”, you can apply this settings to all of the test lines and find the relay characteristic
curve. /
"VI STARTING" ROOM SETTING To continue with explaining “VI Starting” room, in this video we are
going to explain “Setting” tab. you can adjust some of the test settings. In this tab, In “Time”
section, first, the injection time before fault
in “PreFault Time” is entered. In “Max Fault Time”, the maximum fault injection time is specified in the
form of “Abs” or “Rel” which itself includes three sections. Note that if the time specified in “Max
Fault Time” is shorter than time
of the “Pick up” time of the shot point, result of the evaluation will be wrong. / If you are using “Max
Fault Time Abs” field, you need to enter a time in terms of seconds for the maximum fault signal
injection time for all points. But,
to increase the speed of the test, you can use “Max Fault Time Rel”. By checking this option, three
other options appear. By entering a number in “Add%ofTnom”, the fault signal injection time in each
point equals the test point nominal
time plus a percentage of the nominal time entered in this field. This means that if the test point
nominal time is 10 seconds and 5 percent is entered in this field, the maximum fault injection time 105
percent of the test nominal time
which is 10.5 seconds. But in “Add Absolute” field, the fault injection time is entered as a sum of the
test point trip nominal time plus the time entered in this field. For points which are in “No Trip”
area, it is possible to enter a
separate time in “No-Trip Time” field. If you enter the time in these four fields, the software will
consider the longest time. “Post Fault” time is entered in “Post Fault Time”. “Delay After Trigger” is
used for specifying the trigger
time of the intended key and by right-clicking on the related field and selecting “Go To Linked Value”,
you can see that it is linked to “CB Trip Time” and if necessary, by selecting “Remove Link” you can
enter your desired value instead.
In “Load Current PreFault Current” section, it is possible to adjust the settings related to “PreFault”
phase and current. By selecting “Based on Current” radio button in “Amplitude” section, the “PreFault”
current is entered in ampere
which is the same for all other test points. But, by selecting “Based on IFault”, the “PreFault” current
is entered in fault current which is different for every “Shot” point. You can use “Phase” section for
the angle between current and
voltage in “PreFault”. By selecting the “Based on Degree” radio button, it is possible to specify the
voltage current angle in degrees which is the same for all other test points. But, by selecting “Same as
Fault Angle”, the angle between
current and voltage in “PreFault” will be the same with “Fault” which is different for every “Shot”
point. / In “Search Setting” section, the settings related to “Search Test” are specified. As mentioned
before, “Search Test” gives a result
when one of these conditions are met. The first condition is “Relative” meaning if the difference
between the test point value and previous test point is less than the percentage specified in this
field, this point is the response of the
test. The second condition is “Absolute” meaning if the difference between the test point and previous
point is less than the value specified in this field, this point is the response of the test. And the
third condition is “Max Point
Number” meaning the test cannot be performed more than the number of points entered in this field and
the last point is the response of the test. But, if for any reasons, the nominal characteristic
specified for the test is not available,
you can use the “Ignore Nominal Characteristic” section. By doing so, the software ignores the current
characteristic. Then, according to the steps entered in “Search Interval”, shots are added to the
"Search" line. For example, in “Search
Test” section, a line is drawn. Then, 0.5 is entered in “Search Interval” and “Apply to all” is
selected. You can see that points with this step are shot on the “Search” line. By performing the test,
you can see that it starts from the
lowest point and when one of the three mentioned conditions is met, the test gives a result. If
necessary, it is possible to disable this option by selecting “Disable all”. In “Trigger” tab, you can
select your intended binary to receive
the “Pick up” signal, cutting the injection of current and voltage. The explanation and settings of this
section are the same as those for “Trigger” in “Sequencer” room. In “Binary Output” tab, if it is
necessary for the relay to see the
key condition, by using the “A” or “B” group voltages or “Aux DC” it is possible to take any needed
voltage to the “Binary Input” of the relay through “Binary Output” of the device. This tab has three
“PreFault”, Fault” and “Post Fault”
modes and you can specify the settings of each one separately. / /
INTRODUCING “DISTANCE” ROOM, PART 1 The relays impedance characteristic test is performed in “AMT
Distance” room. The most important use of this room is to test distance relays and “Under Excitation”.
Distance relays and “Under Excitation”
are used to protect the transmission lines and generators respectively. For example in this video two
“Mho” zones are drawn which are displayed in “Impedance View” window. Distance room consists of 4 main
windows including “Test View”,
“Impedance View”, “Z-T Diagram” and “Medium Detail View”. “Shot Test”, “Check Test” and “Search Test”
are performed in “Test-View” window. In “Impedance View” window the impedance characteristic of the
relay is displayed according to the
information entered in “Test Object” in terms of “X” and “R” and based on “CT” and “PT” secondary
values. This is why in this window the horizontal and vertical axes are named “Secondary R” and
“Secondary X”. To view the impedance characteristic
based on the primary you can select “Primary Values” from the toolbar. In “Z-T Diagram” the
time-impedance curve is displayed. If this window is open along with “Impedance View” and “Test View”
windows, by adding a shot on the curve or
selecting a point from the table, the location of that point is displayed on “ZT” curve. In “Medium
Detail View” window the characteristics of the shot point and protective zones are displayed. / As
mentioned before, to test the relay
first it is necessary to enter its information in “Test Object” window. Information such as nominal
information of the relay, serial number, operation location of the relay, “CT” and “PT” characteristics
are entered in “Device” block.
This section has been thoroughly explained in previous videos. But the main block in this room is
“Distance” by double-clicking on which, the “Distance Protection Parameters” window opens. Two tabs of
“System Settings” and “Zone Settings”
where the settings is entered are available in this window. / “System Settings” Tab The characteristics
of the power system are entered in “System Settings” tab. In “System Parameters” section, the length of
the line is entered in terms
of ohm in “Line Length” field while the angle of the line is entered in “Line Angle” field. In “PT
Connection” field, the installation method of the voltage transformer is selected from among “at line”
and “at Busbar” states. The installation
method of the PT Voltage transformer specifies whether the voltage exists in “PostFault” which refers to
the time after the fault. If “at Line” option is selected, after switching the circuit breaker, the
input voltage line of the relay
equals zero and the “AMT” device will not make any voltage into the relay in “PostFault”. But by
selecting “at Busbar” option, after switching the circuit breaker, the input voltage line of the relay
keeps its nominal value and consequently,
the “AMT” device injects the relay with nominal voltage in “PostFault”. / / In “CT StarPoint” field, the
direction of the connection is selected from among “Dir. Line” and “Dir.Busbar” states. If the
connection is “Dr. Line”, the current
flows from device to the relay. If the relay connection is “Dir. Busbar”, it is only enough that the
current angle is changed as much as 180 degrees. / / Then, in “Tolerance” section, time and impedance
tolerances are specified. In this
field, first the time tolerances are entered in terms of percentage and time in “Tol.T rel” and “Tol.T
abs” respectively. Then impedance tolerances are entered in “Tol.Z rel” and “Tol.Z abs” fields in terms
of percentage and ohm respectively.
/ “Grounding Factor” Section: In this section, the grounding factor for phase-to-ground fault is
specified. In phase-to-ground faults, specifying this number in accordance with the relay algorithm is
so important. If this factor is wrong,
the calculations of the phase-to-ground fault will be wrong as well. So, one of the methods mentioned is
this section should be selected in accordance with the algorithm used by the relay to calculate the
single phase-to-ground fault.
The output voltage and current fault of the device will change in accordance with the selected checkbox
in the “Mode” field. Any of these options should be selected considering the type of the relay being
tested. The used algorithms can
be divided into three groups of “Type A”, “Type B” and “Type C” in accordance with the different types
of relays and algorithms used to calculate the fault impedance. If none of the checkboxes is selected,
“Type A” is selected by default.
If you do not know the type of algorithm being used by the relay you are testing, it is better to use
trial and error method. / “Mode” Field There are various modes to enter the grounding factor values in
this section. It is only necessary
to select a mode and enter the values accordingly. By entering the grounding factor in this section, the
software calculates the impedance for phase-to-ground fault. If in the relay being tested, the grounding
factor is indicated by “KL”,
the “KL” value should be entered in “KL Magnitude” cell and its angle should be entered in “KL Angle”
cell. But if the grounding factor is indicated by “RE/RL” and “XE/XL”, you can select this mode and
enter the required values in “RE/RL”
and “XE/XL” fields. “RE” and “XE” stand for true and imaginary values of the ground impedance from to
the relay location to the fault and “RL” and “XL” stand for the true and imaginary values of line
impedance from the relay location to
the fault. If in the relay being tested the ground factor values is indicated by “Z0/Z1”, you can select
this mode and enter the “Z0/Z1” value and its angle in “Z0/Z1 Magnitude” and “Z0/Z1 Angle” fields
respectively. “Z0” indicates the
zero sequence impedance while “Z1” is indicator of the positive sequence impedance of the faulty line. /
/ / “Calc. With RE/RL and XE/XL” Option If this option is checked, “Type B” formulae are used to
calculate the ground factor and its
effect on the current and voltage produced by the device. In these relays, to calculate the impedance in
phase-to-ground fault, “Kr” and “Kx” factors are used which are “Kr=RE/RL” and “Kx=XE/XL”. / “Separate
Arc Resistance” Option / “Impedance
in Primary Values” Option In some relays, the characteristic is based on the primary values. But since
it is necessary to enter the characteristics in the software based on secondary values so that the
device can apply the voltage and
current in accordance with the relay characteristic, you should enter the primary values in the software
and check “Impedance in Primary Values” option. By doing so, the values are multiplied by the turns
ratio of current and voltage transformers.
/ “LL Fault Group Exclude L1L2L3 Fault Type” Option This option is used to separate two-phase fault from
three-phase fault. Generally, because of “Grounding Factor” in relays, there is difference between the
characteristic curves of “L-E”
and “LL” faults. But it is possible that in some relays there is also difference between two-phase and
three-phase faults in which case, this option should be used. By checking this option, it is necessary
to specify the three-phase fault
zones in “Fault Loop” column. More explanation on this section will be provided in future videos.
“Impedance Correction 1A/1nom” option is used when the relay’s “CT” is “5 amps” but in the calculations
a “1 amp” “CT” is used for it. By
checking this option, you can use the new turns ratio. /
INTRODUCING “DISTANCE” ROOM, PART 2 In “Zone Setting” tab and in “Zones” section, the information is
entered to each “Zone”. By using the “New” option, it is possible to add a row or “Zone” to the table of
this section and to repeat a zone,
delete a zone or enter the characteristics of each “Zone” you can use “Add Duplicate”, “Delete” and
“Edit” options respectively. / To enter the characteristics of a “Zone”, by clicking on “Add” add one or
several rows and specify your
zone. Using this table, you can draw the desired characteristics. For polygon characteristics you need
to use several “Lines” and enter the characteristics of each of the sides. For each line, “R”, “X”,
“Angle angle of the line” and “Inside
the inside area” should be specified which includes “Left” for the area of the left side and above the
line for horizontal lines and “Right” and below the line for horizontal lines. In using “Line polar”,
the line characteristics are specified
with its impedance magnitude and angle which means “Z” and “Phi”. If you wish to draw radial
characteristics, you need to use “Arc”. In “Arc” mode, you need to enter the center of the circle, the
radius of the circle, the start angle of
the curve and the end angle of the curve in “R” and “X”, “Radius”, “Start angle” and “End angle”
respectively. Moreover, you can select the rotation direction of the curve from among “Clockwise” and
“Counter clockwise” options. If you
are using “Arc Polar”, instead of “R” and “X”, you need to enter impedance and angle. / As an example,
we are going to show you how to draw a “Quad” characteristic and in future videos we will provide you
with explanations for other characteristics.
Before starting to design the zones, it is important to note that intersection of successive lines with
each other, meaning the intersection of the first and second lines, second and third lines, and third
and fourth lines so one. make
the zone. Finally, if you check “Auto Close” option, the intersections of the first and last lines will
be considered as well and the zone will close automatically. / To begin an element, “Add” “Line
Cartesian” and set its “R” and “X”
at “0” and “-0.1” respectively with a “0” angle. By adding the next line, the intersection point of
these two lines determines the zone area. “R” and “X” of the second line are “1” and “0” with a “65”
angle. Since “Left” has been selected,
the inside area of the left side is selected. By selecting “Right”, you can see that the right side of
the line from the intersection point is considered as a part of the zone. To specify the line above the
characteristic, a line with
“0” as “R” and “1” as “X” with a “0” angle and “Right” to select below the line is entered. In the final
step, a line with “65” as its angle and “-1” and “0” as its “R” and “X” are entered. / As another
example, if you wish to make a radial
zone, you need to use “Arc Cartesian”. If you just want to make a circular zone with a specified center
and radius, you need to enter the center of the circle and its radius in “R” and “X” and “Radius” fields
respectively. Here, as an
example, “1”, “0” and “1” are entered as the center and radius. “Start Angle”, “End Angle” and
“Direction” fields have no effect in this mode. In “Inside” field, by selecting “Left” or “Right” you
can select inside or outside the circle
as the zone respectively. If you wish to specify a part of the circle as the zone, first you need to
specify a line and then a circle. If you enter “15” degrees as the angle of the first line, and set the
rotation direction of the circle
at “Counter Clockwise”, the software starts moving in counter clockwise direction and picks the first
intersection of the line and the circle which is close to the “Start Angle” as the start angle and picks
another intersection which is
close to the “End Angle” and the end angle. To complement the explanation, another line is added. This
line determines the end angle and the first line of the start angle. Like before, the rule is that the
intersection which is close to
the “End Angle” is considered as the end angle. For example, “25” degrees is entered. According to the
provided explanations, if you wish to select a part of the circle as the zone, you need to specify the
circular element between the
two line where the first line is the start angle and the second line is the end angle. /
INTRODUCING “DISTANCE” ROOM, PART 3 To simplify drawing the zones you can use “Predefined Shapes”.
In this section, some patterns are predefined for three types of characteristics. Circle is used to draw
“MHO” characteristic curves. In “Forward
Reach” field, the maximum forward protective area is specified which is in “R” positive direction. If
the characteristic is in a way that covers a part of the back of the relay, by using the “Offset” field,
you can apply this item as well.
About the mentioned subject, note that applying offset does not cause “Forward Reach” to change.
Moreover, it is also possible to apply negative offset, which causes the characteristic to distance from
the origin of the coordinates. By
entering the angle in the “Angle” field, the center of the circle moves in counter clockwise direction
as much as the value mentioned in this field. For example, if “5” and “1” are entered as “Forward Reach”
and “Offset” respectively,
in “0” degree you can see that “R=-1 to “R=5” is the area that is covered. Now, if “45” is entered as
the angle, you see that the center of the circle rotates as much as “45” degrees. In this case, the
radius and center of the circle can
be obtained using “r=forward Reach + Offset/2"And “M=forward Reach + Offset/2”formula respectively.
“Polygon” characteristic are made of four line Cartesians. To change any of the sides, first you need to
select the intended line and enter
the characteristics. Explanations for this matter are the same as the explanations provided for line
Cartesian. / The last characteristic is “Lens/Tomato”. The use of “Forward Reach”, “Offset” and “Angle”
fields is the same as “MHO” characteristic.
Parameters “A” and “B” stand for “Width” and “Forward Reach” respectively and in “A/B” field the
proportion of these two is entered. If “A/B” is bigger than “1”, smaller than “1” or equalls “1”, the
characteristic will be in tomato form,
lens form and MHO form respectively. If “A/B” is selected in the “Type” field, by changing the “Forward
Reach”, the proportion of “A/B” remains the same and the “Width” changes. For example you can see that
if “A/B” equals “0.5”, by changing
“Forward Reach” the value of “Width” changes. However, if “Width” is selected as “Type”, by changing
“Forward Reach”, you see that the “Width” remains the same and “A/B” changes. / Practically this
characteristic curve is made of “2” circles
and the radius of these circles is shown as the “R” formula, the center of the first circle is shown as
“M1”, and the center of the second circle is in the form of “M2” where “α”, “β” and “ϕ” are as
illustrated. / / In the end, some points
about this section is mentioned: By selecting any element, any information entered earlier will be
deleted. By checking “Invert all” option, the selected area inverses. This means that if this option is
checked and “1” second is entered
as the trip time, on the test page you can see that inside the curve is “NO TRIP” while outside the
curve is “Tripping” area. / By clicking on “Clear” on this page, all information will be deleted. /
After specifying the zone, the type
of the zone should be specified in “Type” field. If “Tripping” is selected, its trip time and time and
impedance tolerances should be entered in “Zone Details” and for changing any tolerance, its checkbox
should be checked and then the
changes can be made. Generally, starting zones are very big, which contain tripping zones, and the
condition which the relay performs a trip is that the fault impedance is located not only in the
tripping area but also inside the starting
area. “Extended” zones are those that are activated by receiving a specific signal from the network and
usually cause the zone cover a bigger part of the line. / In “Fault Loop” field you can specify the type
of faults that the defined
zone can be used for. To specify that a zone is to be used only for two-phase faults you need to select
“LL” in “Fault Loop” field and check “LL Fault Group Exclude L1L2L3 fault Type” in “System Setting”. You
can use “Active” column to
activate or deactivate a zone. / “Up” and “Down” options at the top of the table are used to move the
defined zones. At the bottom of the page there is a box including grounding factor by which makes it
possible to specify a different
single-phase grounding factor for each zone. However, this section is in progress and is not ready for
use yet. /
INTRODUCING “TEST VIEW” WINDOW IN “DISTANCE” ROOM, PART 1 As mentioned before, one of the windows of
“Distance” room is “Test View”. This window consists of 6 tabs of “Shot Test”, “Check Test”, “Search
Test”, “Setting”, “Trigger” and “Binary
Output”. In “Shot Test” tab, it is possible to specify fault type and test point and after performing
the test, you can view the results of the evaluation. In “Test Point” section in this tab, the test
point can be specified using two
methods: first, the impedance magnitude is entered in “lZl” field in terms of ohm and in “Phi” field the
impedance angle is entered in terms of degree. Then, by clicking on “Add” the values are entered and the
software displays the real
and imaginary values of this impedance in “R” and “X” fields respectively. In the second method, it is
possible to directly enter the real and imaginary values in “R” and “X” fields and by selecting “Add”
select your intended point. If
you wish to enter your test points in terms of a percentage of length of the line, you should use “%”
field. / By checking “Z Relative” option, the test point is made dependent on the length of the line and
recorded in the table. By changing
the length of the line from 1 to 3 ohms, in “Test Object” section, in “Distance Parameters” window in
“System Settings”, the entered impedance value is changed in accordance with the length of the line.
But, if this option is not checked,
by changing the length of the line, the entered values in the table do not change. In fact, each test
point consists of three “States” which simulate “Prefault”, “Fault” and “Post Fault” states. By default,
in “Prefault”, “Fault” and “Post
Fault”, nominal voltage and 0current, 0 voltage and current and voltage and a current based on the test
point are injected respectively. To change “Prefault” and “Post Fault” states you should use “Setting”
tab and “Time” section. More
explanation about this section will be provided in “Setting” videos. Just note that if PT connection is
wired, as at busbar, in “Post Fault” the zero current and nominal voltage will be available. / The Fault
Type is specified in “Fault
Type” section. These Faults include phase to ground, two-phase and three-phase faults. Before specifying
the fault type and fault current, it is necessary to select the test model from among Constance test
current, Constance test voltage
and Constance source impedance. In Constance test current model the injection current is fixed and the
voltage changes in accordance with the test impedance. In Constance test voltage model, the test voltage
is fixed and the fault current
changes in accordance with the test impedance. In Constance source impedance method, the source
impedance includes the impedance from the origin to fault plus the impedance of ground to the fault
point, angle and the grounding factor.
/ By selecting “Add”, the selected test point is added to the table in this window. By selecting any of
the rows and clicking on “Insert” option, the selected row is repeated in the table and by clicking on
“Remove”, the selected point
is removed. By selecting “Add to” option, it is possible to copy the point or points selected for one of
the “Fault Types” to another “Fault Type”. By selecting “Remove All” option, it is possible to remove
all of the test points added
to the table. By clicking on “Sequence” option, “Sequence Test Points To” page opens where it is
possible to create test points with equal steps. By selecting “Angle” in “Step On” field in “Step”
section, the angular steps are directly
entered in terms of degrees. / This means that the test points are specified according to the “Origin”
point entered in “Origin” section in a way that the required angles resulted in proportion to the
horizon. For example if the start
and end angles equal “45” and “90” degrees with “5” degrees as their steps and the origin points are
entered for “Z” and “Phi” or “R” and “X”, after selecting “5” ohms as impedance and “36” degrees as the
origin and by applying this settings,
you can see that multiple points are added on the “Impedance View”. For example the last point is
selected; you can see that the resulted angle is “85” degrees not “90” degrees. This happens because the
“Origin” point is also considered
as one of the points. / But by selecting “Direction”, an “angle” is specified in “Angle” field where
from the “Origin” point with the length entered in “Length” field and with steps specified in “Step
Size”, some points are shot on the
characteristic curve. Note that the length and the steps of the points are in terms of ohm. For example
if the angle is “45” degrees, the length is “5”, the step size is “0.5” ohm and the origin point is “0”
ohm, by applying this settings
you can see that some points are created in “45” degrees with “0” origin in “Impedance View”. Note that
in both states of “Angle” and “Direction”, it is possible to make the origin dependent on the length of
the line and specify it in
form of a percentage of it in “Z Relative” section. / If the performed test has “Failed” points, by
selecting “Clear All Failed Tests” option, it is possible to clear the results of all these points. In
“Detail” section, the information
related to “Trip” nominal time, the allowed operation time range, actual time and test point evaluation
are entered in “T nom”, “T min” “T max”, “T act” and “State” fields respectively. The test points are
entered with detail in the table
at the bottom of the page. The details include test evaluation, test current, nominal time, operation
time, fault value in terms of percent and seconds and the minimum and maximum operation time. Also, if
you wish to add a comment about
any of the test points, you can use the “User Comment” cell. At the bottom of this page, it is possible
to select test points table from different “Fault Types”. To test, a point is shot in “L1-E” “Fault
Type”. By using “Add to” option,
this point is also added to “L1L2” and “L1L2L3” “Fault Types”. Note that if “L1-E” option remains
checked, the point added for the “L1-E” “Fault Type” will be repeated in this “Fault Type”. Then, open
the “Signal View” window and run the
test. You can see how the voltage and current signals are injected for every test point. After testing
each point, its evaluation is recorded in the table as well as the “Impedance View”. /
“CHECK TEST” TAB After performing “Shot Test” in “Distance” room, it is time to do “Check Test” and
“Search Test”. In “Check Test” the upper and lower tolerances of the relay which are displayed as dotted
line in “Impedance View” are tested
and evaluated. To perform a “Check Test”, first it is necessary to draw lines named “Check Line” in
different parts of the diagram. To draw this line first from “Check Line” section, the origin point of
this line is specified in “Origin”.
In “|Z|” field the test impedance value is entered as a number. Note that if a negative number , for
example -2.5 is entered, since there is no negative impedance, this negative value will influence the
angle; this means that it will be
subtracted from 180 degrees angle in “Phi” field. The impedance angle is entered within the range of
-180 to 180 in “Phi” field and if in this cell a number higher than this range is entered, automatically
that number will be displayed
in the specified range. For example if 455 degrees is entered in this field, 95 degrees will be
displayed. / In addition to using |Z| & "Phi" filed, you can specify origin impedance using "R" & "X"
fields. "R" & "X" are real and imaginary
of impedance. In fact the four fields of “|Z|”, “Phi”, “R” and “X” are linked and by changing the value
of one of them, the others change accordingly. In “Angle” field the angle of the “Check Line” and In the
cell of the “Length” section
the length of the “Check Line” is entered. In “%” field it is possible to specify the length of “Check
Line” in terms of a percentage of the length specified in “Test Object” by default. By enabling the
“Relative” option, you can make
the length of the line dependent on the parameter specified in “of” field. The value of the parameter
specified in “of” field is multiplied by the value of the “%” field and the length of the line is
formed. If “Relative” is checked, by
changing the value of the “of” parameter, the value of the “%” cell does not change and the new value of
the “Length” is calculated. If “Relative” checkbox is not enabled and the value of “of” parameter is
changed, the value of “Length”
field remains fixed and the value of the “%” changes. Note that the drawn “Check Lines” need to have an
intersection with at least one of the tolerance lines of the characteristic curve. Then, click on “Add”
option so that the “Check Line”
is added to the “Check Test” lines table. / Another method for drawing the “Check Line” is to hold down
the left-click and “Ctrl” key on “Impedance View” window and then move the cursor in the desired
direction on the characteristic curve.
You can see that the information of the drawn “Check Line” is displayed in “Check Test” lines table.
After drawing the “Check Line”, the software evaluates the crossing place of “Check Line” and tolerance
lines as “Shot” test in accordance
with the performance of the relay. Here, after performing the test, the relay does not perform in upper
tolerance and performs a trip in the lower tolerance so the result of the test is “Passed”. Other parts
of this section such as “Fault
Type” and “Remove All” and “Sequence” etc. options are the same at those of “Shot Test” section which
have been explained in previous videos. The only additional option in this section is “Copy to Search”.
By marking any of the test lines
and selecting this option, it is possible to copy the selected line in “Search Test” and by selecting
“Add” option in “Search Test”, add this line to the “Search Test” test lines table. /
“SEARCH TEST” TAB After performing “Shot Test” and “Check Test” in “Distance” room, it is time to do
“Search Test”. The purpose of this test is to find the Exact location of characteristic curve line .To
perform a “Search Test”, first it is
necessary to draw lines named “Search Line” in different parts of the diagram which is the same as the
method explained for “Check Line”. And all of mentioned notes for check line is true for search line
too. After drawing the “Search
Line”, the software evaluates the crossing place of “Search Line” and tolerance lines as “Shot” test in
accordance with the performance of the relay. By performing the test, the software interpolates the
characteristic curve by testing
some points on the search line to find the exact location of the characteristic curve. Other parts of
this section such as “Fault Type” and “Remove All” and “Sequence” etc. options are the same at those of
“Shot Test” section which have
been explained in previous videos. The ignore field in the “Search Interval” is used when defined
characteristic curve is not considered for the search line. / By entering a number in this section, some
points are added on the “Search”
line with the entered number as their distance. For example, by entering “150mΩ” in this field, you can
see that there are points added on the “Search Line” with as much as “150m“of distance. If the test is
performed, the points added
on the “Search Line” are tested one after the other so that the exact location of the relay is
specified. This option is used when there is no characteristic curve for the test or the current
characteristics seem to be wrong. If you want
to do this for all drawn test lines, you can use the “Setting” tab in “Ignore Nominal Characteristic”
section. To do so, by entering the value of “Search Interval” and selecting “Apply to all” option, you
can apply this settings to all
test lines and find the relay characteristic. /
“DISTANCE” ROOM SETTINGS, PART 1 In “Settings” tab it is possible for you to manage settings related
to “Shot Test”, “Check Test” and “Search Test”. In “Fault” section, the method of the test is specified.
In addition to the test method, the
amount of current or voltage of the test is specified as well. Generally, there are three methods to
calculate the test current and voltage and all of these methods are available in the drop-down list in
“Test Model”. The first method
is “Constant test current”. After specifying the fault impedance, the test voltage can be easily
calculated in a fixed current. Some of the parameters are set in accordance with the option selected in
this field about which more be discussed
later. / The amount of test current is specified in “I Test” field. As you can see this cell is in
Purple which means that its value is dependent on a parameter in “Test Object” and is calculated using
the relation defined for it. By right-clicking
on this option and selecting “Link to XRio” you can see that the amount of test current is resulted from
multiplying the nominal current by 2. You are allowed to change this number to any desired value. By
manually changing this value,
the cell turns pink if “XRio” file is loaded which means that the formula of calculating the test
current is disabled. You can also enter the test current value manually by right-clicking on this cell
and selecting “Remove Link” option.
/ “LL Same as LE” option enables the user to test either of phase to ground and phase to phase fault
types with different currents. If this option is checked, all phase to ground and phase to phase fault
types are tested with the same
current and if this option is unchecked, you can specify a test current for each of fault types. When
using the Constant test current test method, in “Maximum Fault Impedance” section, the maximum fault
impedance in phase to ground, two-phase
and three-phase “Fault Types” is calculated by using these formulae and are displayed. / If in constant
current, the test voltage is more than the nominal value of the relay a prompt saying “Out Of Range” is
displayed which means that
the selected point is out of the allowed range. By checking “Allow Reduction of I Test” option, the
software considers the voltage as the nominal value to calculate the intended impedance current and
voltage and decreases the current value
so that the shot point is placed in the injection range of the device. By checking “Allow Reduction of I
Test” option, “V Max L-L” field is displayed which is the same as the nominal line voltage. You can see
that this cell is in Purple
which means its value is related to another parameter. By right-clicking on this field and selecting “Go
to Linked Value”, you can see that this field is linked to “V nom” parameter and by changing this
parameter the value of this field
changes accordingly. Also, by right-clicking on this cell and selecting “Remove Link” option, you can
enter this value manually. For example, in “Shot Test” tab, a point with a “30” ohm impedance is added
to the points table. This point
is located in the “Out Of Range” area and by opening “Vector View” window, the voltage and current
values for this impedance are displayed. By checking “Allow Reduction of I Test” option, you can see
that the voltage value changes to nominal
voltage and the current value is reduced so that this point is placed in the injection range of the
device. Note that when you are testing a wide range of the zone, the injected current must be bigger
than the minimum “Pick up” current
of the relay. If the relay uses the voltage dependent on the inception current, make sure that the test
voltage is always smaller than the “Pick up” voltage set for the relay. / The second method is “Constant
test voltage”. By specifying
the fault impedance value and keeping the voltage fixed, the test current can easily be calculated. Some
of the parameters are set in accordance with the option selected in this section about which more is
going to be said. The test voltage
value is specified in “V Test” field and the value entered in this section is considered to be fixed
throughout the test. When you are using the Constant test voltage test method, in “Minimum Fault
Impedance” section, the minimum fault
impedance in phase to ground, two-phase and three-phase “Fault Types” is calculated using these formulae
and displayed. / / / The third method is “Constant Source Impedance”. In this method, it is possible to
specify the fault impedance
source so that the test current value is calculated by using a constant impedance. You can use various
modes available in “Mode” drop-down list to determine the fault Source type. By clicking on this field a
list opens where you can select
your impedance model and enter the value of the required parameters in “Source Type” table in accordance
with the selected model. / In “Zs and KS”, “ZS1 and ZS0”, “RS, Xs, RSE, XSE” and “SIR and KS” modes,
magnitude and angle of the source
impedance and the grounding factor of the impedance, magnitude and angle of the source impedance in zero
and positive sequence, real and imaginary sections of the source impedance as well as the relation of
mentioned real and imaginary
parameters, and magnitude and angle value of real and imaginary sections of the source impedance are
entered respectively. In fact, in this section, “SIR” is “ZS/ZL”. In “Ssc and X/R” and “Isc and X/R”
modes, the short circuit apparent
power for three-phase and phase to ground mode and the “X/R” parameter relation in single-phase mode,
and the short circuit current for three-phase and phase to ground and the “X/R” parameter relation in
single phase mode are entered in
“Source Type” table respectively. / If “KS=KL” option is checked, in the models mentioned in “Mode”
field numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 only the first two parameters are adjustable and the other two parameters
are disabled. This option is disabled
in modes 5 and 6. By setting the parameters of any of the selected models, the software calculates the
current or voltage value for the test which can be viewed in “Vector View” window. / In “Fault
Inception” section, the fault inception
angle can be determined in three ways. To better understand this, open “Signal View” window. If “Fixed
Angle” is selected from “Model” slide field, you can enter the desired fault inception angle value in
“Angle” field and view the angle
changes in “Signal View”. By entering this angle, current and voltage phases shift at the same amount.
By selecting “Maximum Offset” option, the software picks the maximum “DC Offset” value in the fault
inception moment for the current
waveform. The maximum positive “DC Offset” value occurs when the fault inception angle is equal to the
impedance angle ±90 degrees. By selecting “Zero offset” option, a zero “DC offset” is applied to the
current output. By checking “DC
offset” option, in “Fixed Angle” it is possible to specify a “DC offset” value for the current output in
the fault inception moment in any desired angle. / If for any reason you wish to use the group B voltage
output in “Distance” test,
you can do so by checking “Enable Voltage Output VB” in “Voltage Output” section and entering the
intended voltage and angle values. You can view the waveform related to this voltage output in “Signal
View” window. /
“DISTANCE” ROOM SETTINGS, PART 2 In “Time” section, first the injection time before the fault is
entered in “Prefault Time”. In cases where the “PTs” draw inrush current, by checking “Ramp in Prefault”
option, it is possible to increase the
waveform of the voltage signal in prefault in form of a ramp to prevent stop applying voltage because of
the drawn inrush current. In “Max Fault Time”, the maximum fault injection time is specified in form of
“Abs” or “Rel” which itself
consists of three parts. Note that if in a “Shot” point, the “Max Fault Time” is shorter than maximum
allowed “Trip” time, the result of the evaluation will be wrong. If you are using the “Max Fault Time
Abs” field, you need to enter a
time in seconds for the maximum fault injection time For all points; but to increase the test speed, you
can use “Max Fault Time Rel” option. / By checking this option three other options appear. By entering a
number in “Add %of Tnom”,
the fault injection time in every point equals the test point nominal time plus percentage of the
nominal time entered in this field. This means that if the test point nominal time is 10 seconds and 5
percent is entered in this field,
the maximum fault injection time equals 105 percent of the test nominal time which is 10.5 seconds. But
in “Add Absolute” field, the fault injection time is entered as the sum of test point nominal trip time
plus the time entered in this
field. If time is entered in these 3 fields, the software picks the highest value. For points that are
in “No Trip” zone, it is possible to enter a separate time in “No-Trip Time” field. / In “Post Fault
Time”, the injection time after
the fault is entered. “Delay after Trigger”, is used to enter the key trigger time. By right-clicking on
the related field and selecting “Go to Linked Value”, you can see that it is linked to “CB Trip Time”
and if necessary, you can replace
it with your desired value by selecting “Remove Link”. In “Time Reference”, by selecting “Fault
Inception”, the “Trip” time is calculated from when the fault is injected. But by selecting “Starting”,
the “Trip” is calculated from when
the “Pick-up” contact is received from the relay. In “Load Current PreFault Current” section you can
specify the settings for the phase and current related to “PreFault”. In “Amplitude” section, by
selecting “Based on Current” radio button,
the “PreFault” current is entered in terms of Ampere which is the same for all test points. But by
selecting “Based on IFault”, the “PreFault” current is entered according to the fault current which is
different for every “Shot” point.
In “Phase” section, by selecting “Based on Degree” radio button, the current angle in “Prefault” is
entered which is the same for all “Shot” point but by selecting “Same as Fault Angle” radio button, the
“Prefault current angle” is the
same as the fault current angle which is different for every “Shot” point. / In “Search Setting”
section, the settings related to “Search Test” are specified. As mentioned before, a “Search Test”
arrives at a conclusion only if one of
the three conditions of this section is met. The first condition is “Relative” which means that if the
difference between the test point value and the previous point is less than the percentage specified in
this field, this very point
is the result of the test. The second condition is “Absolute” which means that if the difference between
the test point and the previous point is less than the value specified in this field, this very point is
the result of the test. The
third condition is “Max point number” which means that the test is to be performed as many times as the
number of points entered in this field at max and the last point is the result of the test. But if for
any reason, the nominal characteristic
determined for the relay is not available, you can use “Ignore Nominal Characteristic” section. By doing
so, the software ignores the existing characteristic. Then, based on the step entered in “Search
Interval”, it adds shots on the “Search”
line. For example, a line is drawn in “Search Test” section. Then, "200mΩ" is entered as the value for
“Search Interval” and “Apply to all” is selected. You can see that some points with the same step are
added on the “Search” line. By
running the test, you can see that the test starts from the lowest point and once one of the three
mentioned conditions is met, the test comes to result. Also, if necessary, you can ignore this option by
selecting “Disable all”. / / By
selecting “Shot Passed Only Act in Main Zone” option, only if the performance time of the relay in the
shot point is located in the allowed range of the main zone the test “Passes”. For example, if this
option is checked and a shot is
added to tolerances of zone 2, the test “Passes” if the relay operates only in the time of zone 2 which
is “95” ms to “150” ms; otherwise, with any other performances by the relay, the test “Fails”. But if
this option is not checked, the
allowed performance time of the relay is “95ms” to “No Trip” and if the relay does not give a trip in
this point, the test “Passes”. “Test Passed Only Act in Zones” option is used for “Search”, “Check” and
“Shot” tests. By checking this
option, the test “Passes” when the relay performance in the tolerances, is only the time of one of the
two zones. For example, if this option is checked and a shot is added to zone 1 and zone 2 tolerance
area, if the relay operates in
“28.5” to “80” ms or “95” to “150” ms the test “Passes”; otherwise the test “Fails”. This can also be
done for “Check” and “Search” tests. / In “Trigger” tab you can specify the desired binary to receive
the “Pickup” and “Trip” signals
of the relay as well as stopping the current injection. The settings and explanation of this section are
exactly the same as mentioned for “Trigger” room and “Sequencer”. In “Binary Output” tab, if it is
necessary for the relay to view
the conditions of the key, it is possible to take any needed voltage to the “Binary Input” through
“Binary Output” of the device by voltages of “B” or “Aux Dc” groups. This tab has three modes of
“Prefault”, “Fault” and “Post Fault” and
it is possible to manage each of them separately. / /
IMPEDANCE VIEW WINDOW As mentioned before, one of the main windows of Distance room is “Impedance
View”. This window shows the relay characteristic curve based on the settings entered in “Test Object”
window. This window has some shared and
some unique features. The features available by right or left clicking on this window are common to all
rooms and it is not necessary to explain them here but at the bottom of this window there is a gear by
clicking on which some other
useful options are displayed. By clicking on “Zoom During Test”, if one or multiple “Search” lines are
drawn on the characteristic curve, by running the test you can see that the software zooms on the areas
where the test points are located
and shows the found zone line. / If you select “Optimize All” option, by changing the “Fault type”, the
characteristic curve display is “Optimized”. By using “Pan Mode” you can move the characteristic curve
diagram as desired. By using
“Show row number” you can view the row number of any test point or test line on the characteristic
curve. If you wish to see which “Zone” is the “Main Zone” of every point on the characteristic curve,
you can check “Show Zone Number” option.
By using “Show Zone number” the zone number of any test point or test line will be shown on the
characteristic curve. By using “Show all zone”, test zones of all “Search” points are marked with a
circle to find the characteristic curve
line. By selecting “Show selected zone”, only the points of the line selected from “Search line” table
are marked with a circle. / By clicking on “Show all t act point”, the operating time of the tested
points is shown. Since maybe the
points are close to each other and it is not possible to view the times clearly, you can use “Show
selected t act point” option which shows the time of the row selected from the test points table. “Show
all Z act Point” and “Show selected
Z act Point” options are used to show all result of “Search Test” and the points related to the row
selected from the “Search Test” table respectively. By selecting “Snap to grid” option, the points on
the characteristic curve that are
shot close to the grids snap to the grids of this page. By selecting “Snap to characteristic curve”
option, the points on the characteristic curve that are “Shot” close to the characteristic curve grid
snap to it. / About polygon or “Quad”
zones tolerances it should be noted that the rounding of the tolerances occurs where the zone lines
intersect. The reason for this is related to the definition of tolerance. Suppose a %5 tolerance; the
tolerance is the geometric location
of all points which have a %5 distance from the zone line. According to this definition, the tolerances
turns into a semicircle where the zone line ends. In sections where the tolerances of a zone overlap,
the union of tolerances are considered
as the tolerances of zone. Therefore, based on the angle of the two intersecting sides of the zone, a
part of the external tolerance zone turns into a curve. /
“ZT DIAGRAM” AND “MEDIUM DETAIL VIEW” WINDOWS Test points and their characteristics in “Medium
Detail View” To start first open “Medium Detail View” window from the toolbar and move it to an
appropriate location. Characteristics of every point
are displayed in “Medium Detail Window” with details. This window consists of two tables of “Shot data”
and “Zone data”. In “Shot data” table, the information related to time, impedance, test point as well as
current and voltage of the
test point are shown. “Zone data” table is composed of two main parts. In the first part, general
information related to relay zones along with the allowed operation time for each one is displayed and
it is the same for all selected points.
But the second part of this table changes according to the selected test point. / For example, if a
point in zone 2 is selected, the general information of the zones will be displayed in “Zone Data” table
without any change. But in “Is
in Zone” column in the second table, it is specified that in which zones the selected point is located.
In “Is in Tol” column it is specified whether the selected point is located in the tolerance zone or
not. In “Zone Index” column, the
main zone related to the selected test point is specified. If the point is located in only one zone,
that zone will be considered as the main zone but it should be noted that if the point is located in
multiple zones, the zone with the
shortest nominal time will be considered as the main zone. / “ZT Diagram” window and points related to
“Check Line” and “Search Line” To open “ZT Diagram” window, “View” menu or the toolbar should be used.
On this window the time diagram
based on impedance, according to the operation characteristic of the relay zones along a specific angle
is displayed which the most important application of this in the software is finding the test points for
“Search Test” and “Check Test”.
Note that the diagram on this window is linked with “Impedance View” and any point that is “shot” on one
of these two windows will be “shot” on the other window accordingly. In the curve of this window, the
vertical lines are the border
of zones and between the two vertical lines, the time-impedance characteristic of the zones in the angle
specified by the user is displayed. On this window, tolerances are displayed with dotted lines and
yellow zones. / Let us use an example
to explain how this diagram works. If “Test View” is on “Shot Test”, and 0.5 ohm and 65 degrees are
entered in “Z” and “Phi” fields in “ZT Diagram” window respectively, you can see that the point
corresponding to this “Shot” is displayed
on “Impedance View”. Note that in “Shot Test”, the values of “Angle” and “Phi” are the same because
“Angle” refers to the angle of the line drawn from the point specified in “Origin”, with “X-R” diagram
as its origin. By specifying it,
the variation of time – impedance curve in “Angle” is displayed in “ZT Diagram” window. This means that
if the “Angle” is 65 degrees, “ZT Diagram” shows the time variation based on the impedance in this
angle. In this angle, the impedance
moves from zone 1 with 30 ms to zone 2 with 100 ms and then moves from zone 2 up to “No Trip” zone. By
moving on this diagram and clicking on its different sections, you can see the movement of “Magnet
Cursor” in “Impedance View”. / To
make it clear, if in “ZT Diagram” window, the “Angle” is changed to 40 degrees, you can see that the “ZT
Diagram” changes because in 40 degrees angle, the impedance only changes from zone 1 to “No Trip”. In
fact, by changing the angle,
the “ZT” curve changes according to the zones available on its impedance course. In this diagram, you
can see two blue dotted lines which the left side line indicate the “|Z|=0” line which is the minimum
allowed impedance value. As you
already know, impedance cannot be smaller than zero. The right side line indicates the selected point. /
But in “Search Test” and “Check Test”, “Angle” is there angle of the drawn line “Phi” is the origin
impedance angle of “Search Line”
or “Check Line”, and values of them are different. For example, if in “Check Test” a “Check Line” is
drawn from zone 1 to “No Trip”, you can see the time based on impedance diagram in “ZT Diagram” window
in the angle where the line is
drawn. In this diagram you can see two blue dotted lines where the first line indicates the start point
and the second line indicates the end point of the “Check Line”. Note that in this state, the “|Z|=0”
line is the start or origin point
of the “Check Line” and the other blue line is the end point of the “Check Line” and the distance
between these lines is the length of the “Check Line”. / An important point for understanding the
concept of “Check Test” is that when a
“Check Line” is drawn, the software starts moving on the line and adding a “Shot” on places where the
tolerance is broken on the “ZT Diagram”. Here, as you can see, since there are three fractures along the
“Check Line” in “ZT Diagram”,
three “Shots” are added. In this case, the difference between “Search Test” and “Check Test” is that in
“Search Test” the software does not add a “Shot” on all tolerance fractures on the “Search Line” but
from the zone line towards both
ends, it only adds a “Shot” to the first tolerance fracture. / Another point is that if you draw a
“Search Line” or “Check Line” like this figure, you can see that in addition to adding “Shots” on places
where the tolerance is fractured
on the “ZT Diagram”, the software adds a “Shot” inside the zone and in the middle of the “ZT”
characteristic accordingly. To explain this, if the line drawn from within a zone crosses a zone with
different operation time but no point is
“Shot” from that zone, the software adds a “Shot” to a point on “Search Line” or “Check Line” in the
middle of its characteristic in “ZT Diagram” and “Impedance View”. /
RELAY SETTINGS IN “DIFFERENTIAL” ROOM, PART 1 In “AMT Differential” room, differential relays and
longitudinal differential “End to End” test is performed. Differential relays work by comparing the
currents in both sides of the equipment and
measure and compare the current in both sides of the protected equipment which is used to protect power
transformers, motors, generators and busbars. Note that to perform this test, both Current group A and B
are activated and if you intend
to use Neutrik cable for the test, you need to select “Current” as “Combination Cable” in “Preferences”
section in “Hardware” section. “Differential” room consists of two main windows of “Test View” and
“Differential Characteristic”. In
“Test View” window, “Shot”, “Check”, “Search” and “Stability” tests are performed. In “Differential
Characteristic” window, the relay characteristic curve is displayed according to the information entered
in “Test Object” based on “I bias”
and “I diff”. // / As mentioned before, to test a relay, first it is necessary to enter its information
in “Test Object” window. In “Device” block, information such as relay nominal characteristics, serial
number, location of the relay
as well as “CT” and “PT” characteristics of the relay are entered. This section has been thoroughly
explained in previous videos. “Differential” is the main block of this room by double-clicking on which,
“Differential Protection Parameters”
window opens. This window consists of “Protected Object”, “Protection Device”, “Characteristic
Definition” and “Harmonic” tabs where the settings of differential relay are entered. // “Protected
Object” tab In “Protected Object” tab, the
information related to the protected equipment is entered. In “Protected Object” field, first, the type
of the protected equipment is selected among transformer, generator, motor and busbar and here
transformer is selected. In “Vector
Group” section, the transformer vector group which is entered in “Nominal Values” section is displayed.
In “Number of Winding” section, the number of windings of the transformer is specified. If the
transformer has three windings, a column
named “Tertiary” appears in which the information of the third winding is entered. Here two-winding
transformer is selected. In “Nominal Values” section the nominal information of the transformer is
entered in “Primary”, “Secondary” and
“Tertiary” columns for primary, secondary and tertiary sides, but since here the transformer has two
windings, the “Tertiary” column is disabled. In “Winding/Leg Name” row, it is possible to enter an
English or Persian custom title for
the winding. In “Voltage”, “Power”, “Vector View” and “Connection Number” fields, the nominal voltage of
the two sides of the transformer, the nominal power of the transformer equal in both sides, connection
type of the two sides of the
transformer and vector group number of the transformer are entered respectively. If there is a null
point in the star direction of the transformer, select “Yes” in “Star Point Grounding” field. For
example, if the transformer vector group
is “YND11”, after specifying the transformer wiring type in “Vector Group” and its vector group number
in “Connection Number”, in “Star Point Grounding” field “Yes” is selected in the primary column. In
“Current” field, the nominal current
of the both sides is calculated by the software based on the entered voltage and power which is not
editable. In “Delta-Connected CT” field, if the “CTs” are wired in delta form “Yes” is selected
otherwise “No” is selected. Then, in “CT
Nominal Current” section, nominal information of the “CTs” in the both sides of the device are entered
separately. Note that for this section the differential and bias current calculations are done according
to the calculated current and
the entered turns ratio but if from “View” menu, “Primary” is selected as “Unit”, primary currents of
the both sides of the transformer in “Vector View” are displayed according to the “CT” turns ratio
entered in “Device” block. In “Star
Point Grounding” section the turns at which the null point of the “CTs” is located is specified. If the
null point is located at the protection equipment Transformer side “tow.Pro.Obj” is selected otherwise
“Toward Line” option is selected.
“Protection Device” Tab After entering the characteristics of the protected equipment in “Protected
Object” tab, it is necessary to enter the relay characteristics in “Protection Device” section. First,
“lbias” formula is entered from
“Ibias Calculation” field which consists of “seven” main formula. One of these formula should be
selected form the relay manual and “Factor K1” is entered based on the selected formula. Generally, the
characteristic curve is different
for single-phase and multiple-phase faults but by checking “No Combined Characteristic” option, the
differential characteristic curve will be the same in single-phase and multiple-phase faults mode. After
drawing the characteristic curve,
the complementary explanations are provided. / In “Reference Winding” field, the direction of the
reference winding is determined which is selected in accordance with the relay settings. By selecting
the reference winding direction, the
angle in that end is considered to be 0. Since differential and bias currents are calculated and
displayed based on the nominal current, it is necessary to select the nominal current of the relay among
“CT” and nominal current of the protected
equipment in “Reference Current”. For example, if “Current Protected Object Nominal” is selected for
“Reference Current”, and “Idiff=2In”, “In” is the nominal current of the equipment whose information is
displayed in “Protected Device”
tab, “Nominal Values” section and “Current” field. But, if “CT Nominal Current” is selected, “In” is
“CT” nominal current whose information is entered in “Protected Device” in “CT Nominal Values” section.
In “Zero Sequence Elimination”,
if the related relay supports zero sequence elimination in measurements, you can select the zero
sequence elimination type in “Elimination Type” field. This feature has been put in relays so that if
there is a phase to earth fault outside
the protective zone, the existence of zero sequence current does not stop the relay. However, this makes
the relay less sensitive to phase to earth fault. In “Test Time Setting/Transformer Model”, ”Test max”
and ”Delay Time” fields specify
maximum time of fault current injection and delay time after receiving ”Trip” contact, respectively. In
”Diff Current Setting”, ”Idiff” field is related to first stage and “Idiff” is related to second stage.
Note that for currents lower
than ”Idiff”, for Every bias current of the relay is stable and does not perform a trip. But currents
bigger than “Idiff” indicate a fault near the transformer wiring and the relay performs an immediate
trip without considering the bias
current. But, between “Idff” and “Idiff” currents, the relay operation is based on the characteristic
curve and there is no delay in the operation. In “Current Tolerances” you can enter the current
tolerance in two forms of “Relative”
and “Absolute”. Note that the software takes into account the highest value between these two. In “Diff
Time Setting”, “Tdiff” field is the allowed operation time of the operation